Qualitative Article Critique. The Qualitative Article That

Qualitative Article Critique The qualitative article that will be the focus of this critique is â€Å"The Impact of Teacher Self-Efficacy on the Students Motivation and Achievement† (Mojavezi Tamiz, 2012). Per Mojavezi and Tamiz (2012), â€Å"The purpose of this study was two-fold: The first purpose was to examine whether there is any significant relationship between teacher self-efficacy and students’ motivation, and the second purpose was to examine if there is any difference in students’ achievement based on their teachers’ level of self- efficacy† (p.483). Background of the Study The researchers sought to use qualitative data to answer the following questions: â€Å"Is there any relationship between teacher self-efficacy and students’†¦show more content†¦The first part of the student questionnaire sought elicit data about the student’s intrinsic motivation, the second sought elicit data about the student’s extrinsic motivation, the third sought out information on the student’s attitude toward learning English, and the fourth sought to measure the student’s opinion about the teacher. A Cronbach alpha was used to analyze the data for the teacher questionnaire and a factorial analysis was conducted on the data from the student questionnaire. The Cronbach alpha showed the â€Å"reliability coefficient of the questionnaire was .76, showing a reasonably acceptable index of reliability coefficient† (Mojavezi Tamiz, 2012, p. 485). A factorial analysis was used to ensure that the items in the student questionnaire were statistically related to student motivation. The results suggested that each cluster item loaded individually on a distinct factor, proving the questionnaire’s multi-construct nature of the questionnaire nature. â€Å"Using Cronbach alpha, the reliability of the whole instrument in the pilot study was estimated. It showed the reliability as .85, which was quite acceptable for the present study† (Mojavezi Tamiz, 2012, p. 485). To answer the research questions, â€Å"Is there any relationship between teacher self-efficacy and students’ motivation?† and â€Å"What is the impact of teacher self-efficacy on the students’ achievement?† (Mojavezi Tamiz, 2012, p. 484) aShow MoreRelatedEssay about Critique of Quantitative and Qualitative Research Articles4724 Words   |  19 Pages Acknowledging that there is a need for the obese Type 2 diabetics (T2D) to make changes in their lifestyle, Whittemore et al. (2009) decided to do a study to see if there is a need for programs to decrease the incidence of Type 2 diabetes. The article selected is an example of experimental quantitative design. The summary model can be found in the text on pages 112 through 114 in Polit Beck (2012). There were four Nurse Practitioner (NPs) groups recruited for this study. There were four randomizedRead MoreA Critique Of A Qualitative Research Article By Jean Louis Barsoux And Mittia Gilmartin Essay1825 Wo rds   |  8 Pages Introduction This paper is a critique of a qualitative research article written by Jean-Louis Barsoux and Mittia Gilmartin (2007). The paper clearly outlines and shows how due to government pressure, The King Edgar NHS trust comprising of three hospitals; Clover Hospital, Friar Hospital and Bronte Hospital was developed in 2002. Within a year of its birth the trust was already under the hawk-eyed media for problems regarding long waiting lists in the hospitals. As a solution the NurseRead MoreQualitative Scholarly Article Critique : How Christian Nurses Converse With Patients About Spirituality1480 Words   |  6 PagesQualitative Scholarly Article Critique Different types of research studies form the basis of evidence-based practice among many different aspects of health care. Qualitative research studies look at the most complex issues nurses face today and there is an emphasis on the need for more studies of this type. Critiquing qualitative research studies validate the study and provides a smooth transition incorporating the findings into clinical practice. Therefore, developing and maintaining the skillsRead MoreQualitative Research Critique II 2843 Words   |  4 PagesQUALITATIVE RESEARCH CRITIQUE II 1 Qualitative Research Critique II Vanda McCray Liberty University Qualitative Research Critique II 2 The authors of this article method of data collection was based on a five-focus group and three individual interviews on theRead MoreQualitative Research Article On Pressure Ulcers980 Words   |  4 PagesQualitative Research Article Critique According to Stockhausen Conrick (2002), â€Å"Learning how to critique research articles is one of the fundamental skills of scholarship in any discipline† (p. 38). Burns Grove (2011) found â€Å"An intellectual critical appraisal of a study involves a careful, complete examination of that study to judge its strengths, weaknesses, meaning, credibility, and significance for practice† (p. 419). The extent, amount and nature of publications accessible today by differentRead MoreCritiquing Qualitative and Quantitative Research1465 Words   |  6 PagesUnit 6: Critiquing Qualitative and Quantitative Research Kaplan University July 16, 2013 Unit 6 Critiquing Qualitative and Quantitative Research The research conducted by Foster-Fitzpatrick, Ortiz, Sibilano, Marcantonio and Braun (1999) is a quantitative study of the significance of crossing the legs while blood pressure is being measured. The purpose of the research was to determine whether leg-crossing impacted the results of blood pressure measurements. The research conducted by Palese, SkrapRead MoreKaplan Studies1329 Words   |  6 PagesCritiquing A Qualitative And Quantitative Study Eunique Burgos Kaplan University Critiquing Qualitative and Quantitative Studies In this research paper, we are to critique two different articles where one is based upon a qualitative study and the other one is based upon a quantitative study. The articles that were chosen for us to critique are The Effects Of Crossed Leg On Blood Pressure Measurement, which is the quantitative study and The Experience Of Patients Undergoing Awake CraniotomyRead Moreadvantages and disadvantages of qualitative research and briefly quantitative research.1019 Words   |  5 Pagesadvantages and disadvantages of qualitative research and briefly quantitative research. This essay will initially present the advantages and disadvantages of qualitative research and briefly quantitative research. It will then go on to critique a qualitative research article yet due to the word count only several factors of this will be critiqued and the article is by Wills et al (2005). Later it will consider the use of the research paper within the clinical practice area; and discuss whetherRead MoreThe Article Fathers Involvement On Children s Services : Exploring Local And National Issues1421 Words   |  6 PagesThis essay will be critiquing the article ‘Fathers Involvement in Children s Services: Exploring Local and National Issues in ‘Moorlandstown’ (Gillina et al, 2012). The article uses qualitative method to establish why fathers are less likely to access children services. It will be using the critical appraisal skills programme (CASP) framework to understand qualitative research to critique this research (CASP, 2013). This framework ha s been chosen to aid the critical thinking in a systematic mannerRead MoreEssay on Qualitative Analysis Critique1343 Words   |  6 PagesQualitative Research Critique There are many differences between quantitative and qualitative research. Such things like: quantitative research provides only variables that can predict specific results but it does not tell us very much about how the variables affect an individual’s life course. Qualitative research adversely provides an enriched understanding of characteristics, qualities, attributes, and environmental factors affecting life events. Qualitative analysis can give understanding

Informative Speech Benefits Of Eating Healthy Essay

Savana Rosenbusch Public Speaking 170 October 6, 2015 Specific Purpose: To inform my audience about the benefits of eating healthy. Central Idea: Eating healthy provides several benefits to our bodies such as preventing cancer and providing energy for our bodies to run at top notch. Introduction 1. When thinking about eating many people think about eating the most desirable food that comes to mind. a. Maybe an apple pie, cheesecake, chocolate covered strawberries, or a big juicy steak. b. It is not often that people think about a nice piece of celery with peanut butter or a spinach salad with a fantasy food daydream. c. People that do think about health foods in a food fantasy are often labeled as health junkies or nuts. d. Junk food may provide that mouthwatering appeal, but health food is the way to go to prevent diseases such as cancer. Body 2. Chronic diseases are something that people should not take lightly. a. Diabetes, heart disease, cancer, eating disorders, obesity, asthma, types of Dementia, and arthritis are only a few types of chronic diseases. b. They can be resolved and even treated with good healthy habits. c. â€Å"As humans, we should already be eating foods that are similar to a person that has been prescribed a cancer diet† (Lee). d. The foods that are mostly picked out to eat have characteristics of detoxifying the body from cells that have turned cancerous or cleaning the body from harmful chemicals used in chemotherapy. 3. Eating inShow MoreRelatedHow to Be Healthy Essay823 Words   |  4 PagesJorel Barnett Speech 100 003 Informative Speech Outline Specific Purpose: â€Å"To inform my audience about how to eat healthy.† Central Idea: In this speech, I’ll be explaining why it is important to eat healthy, and give tips on what to do to initiate healthier eating habits. Introduction: Attention Getter: How many of you want to be healthy? Credibility Material: My mom is a dietitian; which is a person who specializes in the study of food and nutrition in relation to health, andRead MoreInformative Speech on Eating Healthy While Having a Busy Lifestyle661 Words   |  3 Pages Informative Speech 9:00 am- 10:25am October 8, 2012 Topic: Eating Healthy With A Busy Lifestyle General Purpose: To inform Specific Purpose: To inform the audience how to eat healthily on the run Central Idea: Ill talk about choosing healthy foods when at a restaurant, packing your lunch, and keeping nutritious snacks on hand. INTRODUCTION Attention- getter: Good morning ladies and gentlemen. My name is Rhea Lopez and Im here to talk about eating healthy withRead MoreEating Healthily with a Busy Lifestyle3254 Words   |  14 PagesComm 1100 - Pergrem Speech 1 – Informative Speech Assignment Examples Hybrid-Online Online COMM 1100 Spring 2012 Assignment Basics Speech: Present an extemporaneous informative speech to the class on a topic of your choosing in the format described. Time limits: 3-5 minutes Outline: â€Å"Write† your speech in the form of a detailed outline as discussed. Avoid using complete sentences; use bullet points. Do NOT write out your speech like an English paper. Notes: The outline you create willRead MoreEssay on Speech Outline on Organic Food1566 Words   |  7 PagesChoosing Organic By: Kayla Ray Informative Speech SC105: T Th 3:30 Mrs. Becker March 4, 2013 General Purpose: To inform Specific Purpose: I want my audience to understand the importance of purchasing and consuming organic food. Thesis: Choosing to purchase and consume organic food is a smart and healthy choice for you and your family. Formal Outline of Speech Introduction I. â€Å"The way we eat has changed more in the last 50 years than in the previous 10,000.† Food activistRead MoreInformative Speech on Supplements1142 Words   |  5 PagesTopic: Supplements GP: To inform SP: To inform my audience of supplements. Central Idea: Today I will tell you about the benefits of proper supplements to use when working out, losing weight, and remaining healthy. Main Points I. Supplements to use to remain healthy II. knowing your ingredients III. Dangers of using dietary supplements Type of informative speech: Object Method of organization: Topical Too much of anything is bad for you. I’m sure you have all heard this statement atRead MoreAdvertising: Information or Manipulation?1532 Words   |  7 Pagesproducts. Information comes in many forms. It can be complete or incomplete. It can be biased or misleading. Complete information is telling someone everything there is to know about something: what it is, what it looks like, how it works, what its benefits and drawbacks are. On the other hand, to provide complete information about anything is time consuming and hard. All of this would require a documentary, not a commercial. Complete information is impossible to provide in an advertisement. Thus, forRead MoreHistory Of Alcohol And Its Evolution Essay1827 Words   |  8 PagesInformative Speech Outline Serena El Chaer 201300695 Informative Outline Topic: the History of Alcohol General Purpose: to Inform Specific Purpose: To inform my audience about one of the history of alcohol and its evolution. I. Introduction A. Attention Getter: Charles Bukowski, one of the most famous poets, novelists and writers, once said (n.d),â€Å"That’s the problem with drinking, I thought, as I poured myself a drink. If something bad happens you drink in an attempt to forget; if something goodRead MoreLong Term Conditions3224 Words   |  13 Pagesprinciples of self-management that will link to national LTC policies. This will also include initiatives and analysis of the evidence of the underlying principles for an approach to providing self-management support, for the chosen LTC, including benefits and challenges. To conclude I will use evidence-based recommendations of how the patient could be supported to self-manage their condition. A wide range of evidence will be used to support my discussion. The patient chosen to explore, is oneRead MoreVegetarianism : Is It The Right Lifestyle Choice For You?4983 Words   |  20 Pagesgoals. When one chooses to become a vegetarian it is important to consider all factors and to educate oneself. When considering the life style of being a vegetarian one needs to look at health benefits and facts, different types of the diet, the disadvantages, and understand how to go about it in a healthy way. For a person to take part in the lifestyle choices of a vegetarian it is important to understand the commitment and the many advantages and draw backs to being one, for some the positivesRead MoreGroup : Group Social Skills2603 Words   |  11 Pagesfor children and adolescents occupy a major place in the counseling services provided in the schools because of their efficacy in delivering information and treatment. School based groups emphasize prevention and intervention strategies to support healthy student development and more effective way of dealing with the tasks of daily living? (p. 326). Small group counseling services can reach many students who are having problems before the problem get worse and they have to be seen for more serious

South Africa Is a Sick Nation - 946 Words

1. Comments in Jansen words saying South Africa is a sick nation: I agree, because according to Jansen: †¢ We burn down and break down: ï‚ § Every time there is a problem people doesn’t like to wait for negotiations with the government but they just burn the properties of the state and all the important assets for service delivery and equipment. ï‚ § If people strike they burn cars, hospitals, police stations and they forget that tomorrow they will need those things that is why I agree with Jansen that South Africa is a sick country. †¢ We turn over garbage cans: ï‚ § We take all the trash cans and pour them on the street as a sign of being angry and not satisfied and this can result in problems such as dirty streets, air and land pollution and it will affect our lives and put our lives in danger. †¢ We beat each other senseless with chairs in the political rallies: ï‚ § We don’t have shame or don’t think for the lives of others because we harm them in such a way as if they don’t live with us they are not part of us and we destroy our morals and respect by fighting our brothers and sister instead of fighting the problems that we are facing in the country. †¢ We threaten each other and we kill each other ï‚ § We like to set standard for others and tell them if they don’t reach those standard or certain activities that they were given we are going to kill them. ï‚ § We forget that killing each other won’t bring peace in our nation but it will just bring shame and too much hatred to us and we won’tShow MoreRelatedHow Hiv / Aids Impacted A Nation1559 Words   |  7 Pagesincome they have in order to care for sick family members, or to provide for themselves if the income earner has passed away. Children and youth are removed from their schooling and expected to care for the sick, grandparents expected to look after their grandchildren, and many children are left orphaned and under the care and expense of the national government. Families are socially excluded, burdened with health costs, and the overall demographic and future of Africa is changing as the youth are eitherRead MoreFreedom Of Choice : South Africa1241 Words   |  5 PagesLibertaria seeks to create absolute freedom for its people. In South Africa, people are free in numerous ways for instance South Africans are free to express themselves, go wherever they want , and follow any religion. Furthermore, Libertarians believe in freedom of choice which is the same belief occurring in South Africa. Freedom plays a major role in South Africa’s Bill of Rights, and is a reoccuring theme throughout South African laws and politics. The economic issue in Libetaria is that theRead MoreThe Apartheid Of Nelson Mandela875 Words   |  4 PagesNelson Mandela was born on July 18, 1918, in Transkei, South Africa. He spent over thirty years in prison for his opposition against racist policies enforced by white South Africans. Mandela was exposed to the inequality of his country at a very young age. He was only 12 years old during the passing of his father. He was young and highly knowledgeable to events present inside his nation. Nelson Mandela joined the ANC Youth League. This grouped called for violence which was widespread strikes andRead MoreHiv / Aids : Hiv And Aids1484 Words   |  6 PagesThroughout the history of South Africa, problems regarding the overall well-being of the country have arisen. One current issue South Africa is currently facing is HIV/AIDS. The disease has been plaguing South Africa as well as other countries throughout the continent. The initialism HIV stands for human immunodeficiency virus . This disease attacks and destroys the infection-fighting CD4 cells of the immune system. Loss of these cells makes it difficult for the body to fight infections. Without treatmentRead MoreUnited States vs South Africa Healthcare1251 Words   |  6 PagesAFRICA VS UNITED STATES In our world each country has a set of standards to follow in order to establish health care insurance for people in different communities. The state contributes about 40% of all the expenditures on health while the public health sector delivers 80% of the population. Many resources are concentrated in the private health sector. These resources see to the health needs of the remaining 20% of the population. Public health consumes around 11% of the government’s total budgetRead MoreHIV/AIDS, Herpes and HPV in South African Youth Essay1496 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction The South African youth is the most affected demographic in sexually transmitted diseases due to the high number of cases it presents. According to the UNAIDS, it is this age group of the population that has shown the highest HIV prevalence over time. Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) like Herpes and HPV within the South African youth are also associated to the transmission of HIV because both of them increase the risk of infection. Furthermore, this interrelation between HIV andRead MoreThe situation South Africa Caused By The Blind Acceptance Of Both Religious And Social Levels1355 Words   |  6 Pagesaffected the mental state of every ethnicity and nation. Many times these marks have come to define the very way in which we view our selves in the world society. This is clearly seen in South Africa before, during, and after the apartheid. There we see a group of people who, despite being native to the land, are constantly oppressed by the by a foreign force being the European s. In the novel, Cry, The Beloved Country, Alan Paton depicts a stressed South Africa where its people are bent into accepting theirRead MoreReligion And Africa By Jenny Trinitapoli And Alexander Wienreb1414 Words   |  6 PagesIn the book Religion and AIDS in Africa by Jenny Trinitapoli and Alexander Wienreb, describe the role that religion plays in interpreting, preventing, and coping with HIV/AIDS in sub-Saharan Africa. In my view, the variation across countries in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) is due, in part, to different health care and political/government systems. The variation that is seen in healthcare across SSA, where Botswana where programs and access to antiretroviral therapy compared to Zambia. The other variationRead MoreAcquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome in Africa922 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) in Africa is the most affected area that it has reverse expected population growth to a net decrease (Oxford Analytica Ltd). Africa is the number one countries with the highest rate of HIV and AIDS among the other fifteen countries (Patel). HIV and AIDS spread among adults, teens, and even to children who know nothing. Around 35 to 42 million people are living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and AIDS all over the world. HoweverRead MoreLauren Creque. Mrs. Lucius. English 10 Honors. 24 April1473 Words   |  6 PagesMandela There are a lot of people in this world that have made change. One of those people is Nelson Mandela. Nelson Mandela created change in this world through civil disobedience by bringing South Africa out of apartheid. Nelson Mandela (His birth name is Rolihlahla) on July 18, 1918 in a South African village called Mvezo. He went to a local missionary school where it is not rare for teachers to give African kids English names.One of his teachers gave him the name Nelson. He went to Clarkebury

Analysis Of The Book West 10th And Poetry - 1365 Words

American Contemporary Poetry: Journal critique essay West 10th and Poetry Magazines The importance of poetry in a college student’s life cannot be overemphasized. From ensuring that one is conversant with contemporary social and economic issues as well as generally having a large knowledge base on different subject topics. Poetry is important for the enrichment of the soul and the nourishment of the mind. It also helps us step back and look at things from different perspectives. Like any other form of art, poetry is open to a plethora of interpretations and one can analyze it based on their past knowledge and experiences. American poetry, as it is being written now, is centered on a variety of themes ranging from freedom and love to†¦show more content†¦West 10th, like many other student-run magazines strives to find a greater following both on the NYU campus and amongst the poetry world. A combination of witty, sharp and relatable poetry, art and prose is published. This magazine, published yearly has grown in quality and quantity over the years but has stuck to its general themes of rebirth, newness, love and acceptance. For instance in the 3rd issue (2009-2010) the poet Katie Blakely in her poem Dissection, depicts a love story in which the narrator is speaking to her lover and telling him what exactly she loves about him. She says â€Å"I really do love the little things in life, like your voice..† (West 10th, 3-57). Also in the most recent issue this theme of love is consistent. In the poem Avant le deluge by Shinji Moon, the narrator paints a picture of lovers experiencing a storm and states that â€Å"They kissed for the last time, grinning – when he opened his mouth to say ‘I love you’, he swallowed an entire sea† (West 10th, 6-52). Besides this in the poem Maritime by Amanda Birkner, a love experience is portrayed by narrating that â€Å"your mouth is ripe on mine.. your pioneer hands take the shape of my hips† (West 10th , 6-15). This poem, in itself is daring and the language used might be considered profane and indecent but I think

Importance Of Note Taking In Colleges Education Essay Free Essays

Introduction Note-taking is a really of import larning tool in college schoolroom. Boyd ( 2004 ) found that pupils who take notes perform better on tests than pupils who merely highlight text. Most teachers besides wonder whether supplying press releases to pupils is truly utile for pupils or non. We will write a custom essay sample on Importance Of Note Taking In Colleges Education Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now A study by Isaacs in 1994 shows that 43 % of academic staff frequently or ever use press releases in the schoolroom, and they feel that press releases help pupils to take notes and let them to listen and take part more in talk. The issue of note taking makes college professors use presentation package, such as Microsoft PowerPoint and its related press releases. Although Microsoft PowerPoint is more popular in colleges, it besides has negative impact on instruction and acquisition. For case, Tufte ( 2003 ) argues that PowerPoint and other presentation package have reduced the quality of presentations and represent hapless teaching method. This paper presents two surveies which determine if supplementing Microsoft PowerPoint lectures with press releases of the slides improve test-taking public presentation in an undergraduate homo development class. In the first survey, it was expected that pupils who received the press releases would execute significantly better on tests than pupils who did non. Students were surveyed about their usage of the PowerPoint press releases and perceptual experiences of the grade to which the notes helped with exam public presentation. The 2nd survey assessed the acquisition manners of pupils in order to find whether the acquisition manners with PowerPoint presentation press releases may impact pupil larning results. It looked at the three acquisition manners: lingual, visual-spatial, and bodily-kinesthetic. Method For the first survey in the autumn semester, pupils in two subdivisions of an upper degree Human Development class at a little Midwestern university participated in the current survey. Each subdivision had 50 pupils who were demographically similar across subdivisions. In the autumn semester, the class was divided into tierces, with an test given at the terminal of each 3rd. Students were required to take one of the first two noncumulative tests, but the lower class of the two was non computed into the concluding class. The concluding cumulative test was required of all pupils. At the beginning of category, Section 1 pupils were given hard-copy press releases to attach to the Power Point lectures for the 2nd test and the concluding ; they were instructed non to demo these press releases to pupils from Section 2. Section 2 pupils were given the press releases for the concluding tierce of the semester merely. In the spring survey, the process of the survey was similar to the autumn semester. However, pupils in both subdivisions were asked to look into as many points in the checklist of Multiple Intelligences Inventory for grownups ( Harper, 2005 ; Lazear, 1991 ) , wh ich characterized the ways they learned stuff. Consequences For both surveies, there were no important differences between the two subdivisions on the trial scores with the usage of the PowerPoint press releases. As clearly seen, the average test mark of the pupils given PowerPoint press releases is rather similar to the average test mark of the pupils without PowerPoint press releases. Survey Results and Qualitative Analyses Responses to the study show most pupils ( 79 % ) used the notes for analyzing for the concluding, 21 % were really attentive to the PowerPoint projections along with the notes, 25 % indicated that they had paid a batch of attending to the talk along with the press releases, and 39 % often wrote extra notes on the press releases. Similar to the autumn semester survey, the spring semester pupils were for the most portion rather positive about having the press releases, as 75 % indicated that the press releases were by and large helpful, 75 % felt that they were utile in fixing for trials, and 50 % indicated that the press releases improved their hearing to the talks. Discussion Some findings show that the function of presentation press releases is truly utile for pupils to heighten the trial public presentation, but some do non. Although the findings seem to be strong, many factors to measure the usage of this instruction technique. One factor is class content which may act upon the acquisition results in categories utilizing PowerPoint. Another is that the consequence that PowerPoint slides has on larning results is non matched by studentsaa‚Â ¬a„? intuitive beliefs. Finally, the format of press releases does non supply complete sets of notes for pupils. Future research should analyze such teacher effects in the usage of PowerPoint press releases, every bit good as whether PowerPoint slides may be more effectual for certain class content and non others. In some respects, the usage of presentation package in the college schoolroom is one of those old contentions encased in new technological wrapper. Yet, it forces those of us who are actively i nvolved in bettering instruction and acquisition in higher instruction to joint our premises and beliefs about what happens in and out of the schoolroom. To that terminal, there decidedly is something to be gained in the continued usage of the package and empirical geographic expedition of its effects. Mentions Boyd, C. H. ( 2004, May ) . Comparison of foregrounding and note-taking during a PowerPoint talk on trial public presentation. Poster session presented at the one-year meeting of the American Psychological Society, Chicago, IL. Harper, W.S. ( 2005 ) . Course stuffs for Plant and Soil Science. Unpublished papers, University of Vermont. Retrieved October 1, 2005 from hypertext transfer protocol: //pss.uvm.edu/pss162/learning_styles.html Isaacs, G. ( 1994 ) . Lecturing patterns and note-taking intents. Surveies in Higher Education, 19, 203-217. Lazear, D. ( 1991 ) . Seven ways of cognizing. Teaching for Multiple Intelligences ( 2nd edition ) . Palatine, IL: Skylight Publication. Noppe, I. , Achterberg, J. , Duquaine, L. , Huebbe, M. A ; Williams, C. ( 2007 ) . PowerPoint presentation press releases and college pupil larning results [ Electronic version ] . International Journal for the Scholarship of Teaching and Learning, 1 ( 1 ) . From hypertext transfer protocol: //www.georgiasouthern.edu/ijsotl Tufte, E. R. ( 2003 ) . The Cognitive Style of PowerPoint. Cheshire, Connecticut: Artworks Press LLC. Introduction Note-taking is a really of import larning tool in college schoolroom. Boyd ( 2004 ) found that pupils who take notes perform better on tests than pupils who merely highlight text. Most teachers besides wonder whether supplying press releases to pupils is truly utile for pupils or non. A study by Isaacs in 1994 shows that 43 % of academic staff frequently or ever use press releases in the schoolroom, and they feel that press releases help pupils to take notes and let them to listen and take part more in talk. The issue of note taking makes college professors use presentation package, such as Microsoft PowerPoint and its related press releases. Although Microsoft PowerPoint is more popular in colleges, it besides has negative impact on instruction and acquisition. For case, Tufte ( 2003 ) argues that PowerPoint and other presentation package have reduced the quality of presentations and represent hapless teaching method. This paper presents two surveies which determine if supplementing Microsoft PowerPoint lectures with press releases of the slides improve test-taking public presentation in an undergraduate homo development class. In the first survey, it was expected that pupils who received the press releases would execute significantly better on tests than pupils who did non. Students were surveyed about their usage of the PowerPoint press releases and perceptual experiences of the grade to which the notes helped with exam public presentation. The 2nd survey assessed the acquisition manners of pupils in order to find whether the acquisition manners with PowerPoint presentation press releases may impact pupil larning results. It looked at the three acquisition manners: lingual, visual-spatial, and bodily-kinesthetic. Method For the first survey in the autumn semester, pupils in two subdivisions of an upper degree Human Development class at a little Midwestern university participated in the current survey. Each subdivision had 50 pupils who were demographically similar across subdivisions. In the autumn semester, the class was divided into tierces, with an test given at the terminal of each 3rd. Students were required to take one of the first two noncumulative tests, but the lower class of the two was non computed into the concluding class. The concluding cumulative test was required of all pupils. At the beginning of category, Section 1 pupils were given hard-copy press releases to attach to the Power Point lectures for the 2nd test and the concluding ; they were instructed non to demo these press releases to pupils from Section 2. Section 2 pupils were given the press releases for the concluding tierce of the semester merely. In the spring survey, the process of the survey was similar to the autumn semester. However, pupils in both subdivisions were allowed to look into as many points in the checklist of Multiple Intelligences Inventory for grownups ( Harper, 2005 ; Lazear, 1991 ) , which characterized the ways they learned stuff. Consequences For both surveies, there were no important differences on the trial scores with the usage of the PowerPoint press releases. Table 1 shows the average test tonss for two subdivisions of the class. As clearly seen, the average test mark of the pupils given PowerPoint press releases is rather similar to the average test mark of the pupils without PowerPoint press releases. Survey Results and Qualitative Analyses Responses to the study show most pupils ( 79 % ) used the notes for analyzing for the concluding, 21 % were really attentive to the PowerPoint projections along with the notes, 25 % indicated that they had paid a batch of attending to the talk along with the press releases, and 39 % often wrote extra notes on the press releases. Similar to the autumn semester survey, the spring semester pupils were for the most portion rather positive about having the press releases, as 75 % indicated that the press releases were by and large helpful, 75 % felt that they were utile in fixing for trials, and 50 % indicated that the press releases improved their hearing to the talks. Discussion Some findings show that the function of presentation press releases is truly utile for pupils to heighten the trial public presentation, but some do non. Although the findings seem to be strong, many factors to measure the usage of this instruction technique. One factor is class content which may act upon the acquisition results in categories utilizing PowerPoint. Another is that the consequence that PowerPoint slides has on larning results is non matched by studentsaa‚Â ¬a„? intuitive beliefs. Finally, the format of press releases does non supply complete sets of notes for pupils. Future research should analyze such teacher effects in the usage of PowerPoint press releases, every bit good as whether PowerPoint slides may be more effectual for certain class content and non others. In some respects, the usage of presentation package in the college schoolroom is one of those old contentions encased in new technological wrapper. Yet, it forces those of us who are actively i nvolved in bettering instruction and acquisition in higher instruction to joint our premises and beliefs about what happens in and out of the schoolroom. To that terminal, there decidedly is something to be gained in the continued usage of the package and empirical geographic expedition of its effects. How to cite Importance Of Note Taking In Colleges Education Essay, Essay examples

Corona Free Essays

Ingredients According to Sinebrychoff, a Finnish company owned by the Carlsberg Group, Corona Extra contains barley malt, rice and/or corn, hops, yeast, antioxidants (ascorbic acid), and propylene glycol as a stabiliser. [5] [edit]Gluten quantities Some proponents of gluten-free diets for general health or specific conditions, such as celiac disease and SIBOS (small intestine bacterial overgrowth syndrome), advise beer consumers to drink Corona because of its low gluten quantities. Bottles of Corona Extra contains less than 20 ppm gluten, while other typical beers contain well over 2000 ppm. We will write a custom essay sample on Corona or any similar topic only for you Order Now 6] The limit for gluten free is 200 ppm. Coronas sold in Mexican markets are typically marked gluten-free. [edit]Packaging Corona 6-pack, showing a 33-cl = 330 ml (11. 2 U. S. fl oz; 11. 6 imp fl oz) bottle and a carton that is marked 6 ? 0. 33 L (partially visible) This bottle features eight languages for export to the Common Market Corona beer is available in a variety of bottled presentations, ranging from the 190 ml (6. 4 U. S. fl oz; 6. 7 imp fl oz) ampolleta (labeled Coronita and just referred as the cuartito) up to the 940 ml (31. U. S. fl oz; 33. 1 imp fl oz) Corona Familiar (known as the familiar, Litro or Mega). A draught version also exists, as does canned Corona in some markets. An explanation[citation needed] for the origin of the distinctive ‘crown’ logo from which Corona takes its name since 1925, says it was based on the crown that adorns the Cathedral of Our Lady of Guadalupe in the town of Puerto Vallarta. This cannot be, as the tower that supports the crown was only erected in 1952, the crown itself being installed at the top in 1963. 7] In Spain, the beer is branded as â€Å"Coronita† (literally, little crown), as renowned wine maker, Bodegas Torres owns the trademark for â€Å"Coronas† since 1907. [8] The packaging is otherwise unchanged. In the United Kingdom and the United States, smaller, 210ml (7 fl. oz) bottles of the beer are also branded as â€Å"Coronita†. [edit]Sponsorship partners Corona is the title sponsor of the LPGA Tour tournament Corona Championship, and the NASCAR Corona Series in Mexico, the most followed stock car racing series in the country. In addition, Corona is a â€Å"second sponsor† for four of Mexico’s top-flight professional soccer teams of the First Division. The teams sponsored by Corona are America, Toluca, Atlas, and Santos Laguna. Corona also sponsors Major League Soccer’s Chivas USA. [9] Corona and the ATP have 5? year sponsorship where Corona will be the ATP’s premier world wide sponsor. Corona was also the title sponsor of the SBK Superbike World Championship from 1998 until 2007. [edit]Advertising Corona has been seen advertised on London’s famous black cabs. [10] In the US, Corona is best known for its ads featuring a man and woman lounging on the beach. They are unseen save for their arms. How to cite Corona, Papers

Definition and Hero free essay sample

Webster dictionary defines a hero as an Illustrious warrior; or a man admired for his achievements and noble qualities. This puts into perspective what we look for in a hero;. The last two apply to a more down-to-earth human Just as the heroes we hear about in the news or everyday people who will show these characteristics; for example, cops, firefighters, and doctors. Most people will agree with this deflation as the basic concept of a hero, but some, of course, will have a broader or more specific view on the individual.Another view off hero can be found in an extended definition. As previously mentioned, heroes can be found throughout history, many of whom have made a difference In peoples lives. They were the ones who forever made an Impact while changing the course of time with their revolutionary thinking and courage to stand up for what was right, as well as what they believed in, without regard for the consequences. We will write a custom essay sample on Definition and Hero or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page For example, Dry. Martin Luther King Jar. Dad an impact In the African-American community In the united States by standing up for African- Americans rights with non-violent protests and movements while sharing with the oral his vision of a dream, which has been memorized in his famous speech, l Have a Dream speech which says, l have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of Its creed: We hold these truths to be self- evident, that all men are created equal. Even though martin Luther King was shot and killed on April 4, 1968 in Memphis, Tennessee, his dream of racial coexistence between whites and blacks lived on and with the years, would come true. Lastly, there is the one definition that Is regarded as the highest form of truth as o what it means to be a hero, the military definition. The criteria that the military uses to identify a person as a hero is simple: it is summed up by the most prestigious military award till this day, the Medal of Ho nor, which is given to the bravest of all soldiers. According to the military, this man Is described as to conspicuously themselves by gallantry and Intrepidity at the risks of their lives above and beyond the call of duty. Many can claim the title of hero, but thanks to the military and use of this prestigious exclusive medal, it keeps the word hero from being commonplace or misconstrued. In reality, however, many think that if one Joins the military, then he Is automatically a hero In their eyes.This is because people who join the military are those who sacrifice years of their lives to serve honorably for a cause they believe in, knowing there is a possibility they will not return home. Some people whom they love, and others Join because they believe it is simply the right thing to do. Either way, many of these characteristics are well known characteristics that define a true hero. People who volunteer their time, sacrifice their lives for others, expect no imposition, and do it out of a sense of duty and selflessness, without reg ard for the possible consequences or repercussions are, by every standard, a hero. As we can see, there are many definitions and views on what a hero should be, from mythical figures with supernatural powers, to average crime-stopping cops and firefighters, to revolutionists with a righteous cause that forever changes history, and finally to war heroes who put their lives and time above others. To conclude, heroes can be defined by current events, fictional references, and military policies, but in the end, we must decide for ourselves who a hero is.

Social Media Saturated Society free essay sample

We live in a world of drones preoccupied by checking notifications on Facebook and responding to their next text message. Social media is described as electronic devices that enable communication of media, news and conversation between people. With a mounting 1. 6 billion active Facebook members as of 2013, aside from Google Facebook is the most popular website in America (Smith, 2013). Online communities such as Facebook, Twitter and YouTube are not the only thing distracting the populous. Cell phones, mobile applications and interactive gaming are just a few examples of social media in the 21st century. One cant help but wonder what kind of effects relentless participation in social media will have on our body and our mind. Our future generations are being conditioned to wake up and text until they fall back asleep. Children are spending more hours a day interacting with electronics than spending time with their family or engaging in physical activities (Hutton, 2013). Studies are proving kids growing up spending this amount of time engulfed in social-media results in less participation in the classroom and lowered grades (Hutton, 2013). Teenagers are more likely to become involved with dangerous activities such as drug abuse, drinking and sexual activity (Frank, 2010). Many may not know the negative impact social media can have on ones health and the astonishing new findings actually state it may be altering the way our genes work (â€Å"Online networking harms health,† 2009). Studies are proving that spending too much time sucked into social networking is hazardous to the well-being and growth of adolescents; therefore parents need to limit how much time their children are hypnotized by social media. It would seem, with hundreds of Facebook friends, people would have an abundant social life, but surprisingly it is the exact opposite. Dr Sigman, who has a Bachelor of Science degree in Psychology, a Master of Science degree in The Neurophysiological Basis of Behavior, and a Ph.D. in the field of the role of attention in autonomic nervous system self-regulation studies how social media is effecting people today. His results went beyond people creating isolation stating, â€Å"lack of face-to-face networking could alter the way genes work, upset immune responses, hormone levels, the function of arteries, and influence mental performance† (â€Å"Online networking harms health,† 2009). These findings indicate our current social media addiction may be causing biological side effects. Dr. Sigman also found shocking information stating people who are media-dependent, â€Å"could increase the risk of health problems as serious as cancer, strokes, heart disease, and dementia† (â€Å"Online networking harms health,† 2009). Most people have no idea the dangerous health concerns that Dr. Sigman brings to light. Social media is booming like never before, and the majority of Americans are at risk for these negative effects. A large amount of the people in the United States that participate in social media are teenagers and children. A website that was made for family education is coming fourth with astonishing information, broadcasting that children are spending more time involved with social media devices than spending time with their family, being in school, or even sleeping. The article reveals,In just five years, media use has increased from 6 ? to nearly 7 ? hours a day in children between the ages of 8 and 18. Even more alarming children have become master multitaskers, often using two or more media devices at the same time. Counting each device separately, these kids have found a way to cram in a total of 10 hours and 45 minutes of media content into those 7 ? hours. (Hutton, 2013, para. 3) That is seven hours that could be spent reading books, engaging in real face to face communication with their family, or running around outside using their imagination like generations before this media craze began. These â€Å"media saturated† children are also having this phenomenon negatively impact their grades in school. â€Å"Almost half of the children in the survey who were considered heavy media users had grades of mostly Cs or lower† (Hutton, 2013, p. Parents need to limit the amount of time their children spend using the computer, playing video games or any other electronic device. If parents allow their kids to continue overdosing on social media it will not only effect their education, it could also change their satisfaction with life and consequently their behavior stemming from those inadequate feelings. The same website created for parenteral education that explains how social media is becoming detrimental to students grades continues to share it is damaging kids ability to feel fulfilled. FamilyEducation. com informs readers, â€Å"kids who spend more time with media devices reportedly have a lower level of personal contentment, and have a tendency to get in trouble more often. They also reported feeling more sad or bored than their non-media-obsessed counterparts† (Hutton, 2013, p. 1. ) Young minds that are addicted to media devices could be feeling unenthusiastic about life and not even understand why. Maybe this is why studies are linking dangerous actions, such as suicide, to social media-dependent teenagers. A term new to some, â€Å"hyper networking† describes spending more than three hours on social networks per day and â€Å"hyper texting,† which means texting more than 120 text messages per day. In 2010 Case Western Reserve School of Medicine study showed, â€Å"correlations between unhealthy behaviors in teens, including drinking, smoking and sexual activity† (Frank, 2010. ) When teenagers spend more time captivated by sites like Facebook they are gaining access to people older than them, and with that comes more exposure to dangers such as substance abuse and drinking. The study also concluded â€Å"Hyper networking was also associated with depression, substance abuse, poor sleep patterns, suicide and poor academic performance. † Remember poor academic performance and feelings of sadness were also reported in children that were spending hours a day removed from real-life interactions. It is up to parents to protect and nurture their children as their mind and bodies develop, so limiting how much time is wasted lurking on sites like Facebook is essential. Many parents are completely ignorant of the unfavorable effects of social media. Parents need to be informed of the enormous increase in likelihood that teenagers would engage in these self-destructive activities. Teens who are hyper-networkers are 62 percent more likely to have tried cigarettes, 79 percent more likely to have tried alcohol, 69 percent more likely to be binge drinkers, 84 percent more likely to have used illicit drugs, 94 percent more likely to have been in a physical fight, 69 percent more likely to have had sex and 60 percent more likely to report four or more sexual partners. (Frank, 2010, para. In all statistics conducted there was at least a 60% increase in the chance of a teen partaking in these harmful activities that, for some, will form into habits. Minors are naive to all the dangers of social media. It is the responsibility of parents to filter what their children are exposed to and alter the amount of time spent interacting in social networks. Speaking of naive, I have a little sister who is socially underdeveloped for her age. When I was in middle school the only way I could talk to my friends was through real face to face interaction or calling them on the telephone. Those circumstances forced me to learn social skills and communication. My younger sister, on the other hand, barely has any friends and spends days in isolation playing games or spending time on sites like Facebook. She already has issues with self confidence like most young girls, and being in the bubble of social media seems to enable her even more. She has always struggled in school with reading and writing. I am positive if she would have spent more time outside or practicing her grammar and exploring literature she would not only have a different experience in school but also a greater self-confidence. Changing how upcoming generations engage in social media would have a impact on how healthy our future adults are mentally and physically. That impact could be negative or positive based on the duration of time devoted to social media and how dependent on that interaction they are. There are some positive aspects of social media like staying connected with family or friends and outsourcing of information like the news. America is still at war and some families have members overseas. They rely on the use of programs like Skype to stay connected. Others have claimed to find the love of their via use of internet access. While not all use of social media is negative, in regards to nurturing our children it is still essential to limit their interactions with social media. Kids growing up in this era of social network overload spend most of their days pushing plastic buttons instead of turning book pages. Children are being effecting by the overuse of electronics from their grades in school to feeling depressed and unsatisfied (Hutton, 2013, p. 1. ). Parents need to be in control of their teens internet usage, and monitor who they are interacting with and how much time they spend dazed in front of computer screens. Teenagers are more likey to regress by par taking in self-destructive activies such as binge drinking or smoking if particiating in hyper texting or hyper networking (Frank, 2010). New research has shown too much time spent in isolation due to social networking is negatively effecting peoples health and might even be altering our genes (â€Å"Online networking harms health,† 2009). Not all use of social media is bad, but limiting the amount of time spent frivolously playing online is of the utmost importance to our up coming generations.  Social networking in abundant amounts is clearly disruptive to adolescents health and development. Parents have the power to break their childrens addiction to social media so that they may transcend and prosper into healthy, well rounded, happy individuals.

Julus Caesar - Analysis Of Caesar Essays - , Term Papers

Julus Caesar - Analysis of Caesar Essay on Caesar In Shakespeare's play of "Caesar" Brutus is a conspirator who portrays a person who favors a republic for Rome. Brutus is an honorable man. Many characters in the play show there reverence for Brutus. Brutus exemplifies his honor in many ways. Brutus is obsequious when he is needed to abet his fellow romans. Brutus is an honorable man. "Am I entreated to Speak and Strike? O Rome I make thee promise, If the redress will follow, then receivest thy full petition at the hand of Brutus" (Shakespeare 397). Brutus will obey to whatever the romans convey to him. Consequently, Brutus joins the conspiracy inorder to help the romans rid rome of Caesar. Brutus also understands that he is putting it all on the line for his romans, therefore Brutus is an honorable man. Brutus is a scrupulous man, whose virtues endure. "No not an oath, If not by the face of men, the sufferance of our souls, the time's abuse-If these motives be weak, break off betimes, and every men hence to his idle bed; So let high sighted tyranny rage on, till each man drop by lottery" (Shakespeare 399). Brutus said that if the conspirators do not join for a common cause, then there is no need for an oath because the conspirators are self-righteous, and they are serving the romans. If the conspirators don't bind together, then each man will go his own way, become a weakling, and die when it suits the tyrants caprice. Brutus is advocates peace, freedom and liberty, for all romans, which shows that Brutus is an altruistic as well as an honorable man. Brutus also had a compassion for Caesar when he had killed Caesar. "If then that a friend demand why Brutus rose against Caesar, this is my answer: Not that I loved Caesar less, but that I loved Rome more" (Shakespeare 421). Brutus had honored Caesar but Brutus felt that Caesar was to ambitious. Brutus also felt that Caesar made the romans as slaves. Therefore, Brutus is an honorable man. Brutus is a noble man who was revered by many. Brutus had j oined the conspiracy because he had the desire to help the commoners. He was a follower of idealism, where the romans would possess peace, liberty and freedom. Brutus wanted the kill Caesar, because he believed that all of the people of Rome would eventually be slaves, thus Brutus resorted to the assassination if Caesar. Brutus is a honorable man. Marcus Brutus was a good friend to Julius Caesar, but not good enough. He had moral values dealing with Rome and its people. Brutus' values then made him join a conspiracy against Caesar put together by Cassius. Brutus joined this mainly because he didn't want Caesar to turn his back on Rome so there would be a reasonable reason for killing Caesar. If Brutus wasn't in the play, there would be no "Tragedy" in The Tragedy of Julius Caesar.

Projectile range and projectile motion Essay Example

Projectile range and projectile motion Paper As we all know ski jumping is a worldwide sport in which athletes skate down a slope ramp, gaining speed that throws them in the air that makes them land some distance away. The distance travelled at the time when the jumper leaves the ramp, until he reaches the ground is known as the jump range. This interesting and challenging sport involves a lot of physics behind it. Kinetic energy, gravitational potential energy, motion, speed, height, time, distance and the athletes ability to reduce air resistance to their body are all factors that determine the athletes performance. This experiment represents a ski jumping slope through which we will investigate and demonstrate how physics can be used by ski jumpers to increase their range in the jump. Aim: My aim of this experiment is to explore the relationship between the launch height and the range of the jump. I will use the my knowledge of physics knowing that gravitational potential energy can be converted into kinetic energy and using the equations ? Egrav = mg? h for gravitational potential energy and Ek = 1/2 mv2 for the kinetic energy to work out the relationship between height, velocity and the range of the projectile. We will write a custom essay sample on Projectile range and projectile motion specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Projectile range and projectile motion specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Projectile range and projectile motion specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Hypothesis I predict that the higher ramp, the higher the velocity therefore an increase in range. Null Hypothesis There will be no relationship found between the height of the ramp, velocity and the range of the projectile. Rationale The displacement, velocity and acceleration of the projectile are all vectors. The forces of the projectile motion can be treated separately, so they can be resolved into horizontal and vertical components. They are independent of each other; that is, neither motion affects the other. We can label these components x and y. The horizontal component can be represented as Vx and the vertical component as Vy. Vx = V cos ? Vy = V sin ? The projectile/ball baring will be dropped from the top of the ramp giving the projectile gravitational potential energy. We can work out the gravitational potential energy by using ? Egrav = mg? h as we know the mass of the projectile, gravitational effect and the height at which the projectile is launched. As the projectile travels down the ramp it will be affected by air resistance and friction, however in this experiment we will ignore these factors. The point at which the projectile starts moving down the ramp, the gravitational potential energy converts into kinetic energy allowing it to accelerate off the ramp and into the air. We can use the equation Ek = 1/2 mv2 to work out the kinetic energy. Ignoring air resistance and friction, we know that the gravitational potential energy at the top of the ramp will equal the kinetic energy when it leaves at the bottom. This experiment involves me looking at the relationship between the height and the range of the projectile. In theory by changing the height I am changing the velocity of the projectile and so therefore the range will be affected. By re-arranging the equation Ek = 1/2 mv2 we can work out the velocity of the ball baring, 2Ek/m = v2 then do V v2 = v. This can also be simplified to give V (2mgh) /m = v. The m cancels which will leave us with V = V (2gh). We can then use the equation V = Distance/Time which will give the theoretical horizontal value. We can re-arrange this equation to give us the distance, Distance = Velocity x Time. This is the horizontal component. Changing the vertical height of the drop from the ramp would vary the range. This is because according to the law of energy, it cannot be made or destroyed but transferred. To apply this law into this practical, we can say all of the gravitational potential energy is converted into kinetic energy assuming no energy is wasted. As a result, gravitational portential energy is equal to kinetic energy.

How a hit almost failed its own audition Essays

How a hit almost failed its own audition Essays How a hit almost failed its own audition Essay How a hit almost failed its own audition Essay Bill Carter, in an article that is to be published in the book Desperate Networks, tackles the fact that television networks need to find hit shows to be able to survive. Because of this, they can be very thorough in examining potential programs and may sometimes almost forego program proposals because they do not sound potentially popular with viewers. This was what happened with Fox Network’s American Idol. In the article â€Å"How a hit almost failed its own audition†, Carter tells of how the now-famous reality show American Idol encountered difficulty in breaking through in America. Despite the fact that its creators Simon Cowell and Simon Fuller are well-versed in the music scene and are even pretty popular in Britain, their idea bombed out in America. Cowell and Fuller, when proposing Pop Idol in Britain, had little to no obstacles because of their credentials in the country. And Cowell’s proposal in Britain seemed to have sparked a lot of interest: this music format is to be as much a talent search as a soap opera. Basing on the success of former talent search-soap opera amalgamated shows like Pop Stars, British network ITV was immediately sold to the idea. Yet crossing over to America proved to be problematic. As was outlined in the article, it could have been easy to peddle well-known British reality shows to America because of the tremendous success of British-produced Who Wants to Be a Millionaire and Survivor and because reality programming is â€Å"light, entertaining and not very expensive to produce†. But Pop Idol (soon to be American Idol) had one big barrier to overcome: the fact that music reality shows have previously failed in America. Having endlessly met the unenthusiastic response of American network executives regarding the American version of the hit British reality show Pop Idol, Cowell almost seemed ready to give up. He was, as Carter said, already answering network executives with â€Å"a dash of acid†. But Fuller was not going to throw in the towel. Going to Fox, he pitched Pop Idol â€Å"with fervent passion†, saying that the show will â€Å"essentially be all audition†. This seemed to have gotten the attention of Mike Darnell, Fox’s reality division head; after all, the only part of band-making shows that he liked was the auditions. But even this positive response was not to signal American Idol’s birth. The show’s creators are still to be haunted by Fox’s demands for the program to come attached with sponsorship. Perhaps American Idol would have taken more time before its successful take-off if Creative Artists Agency (C.A.A., which represented Fuller and helped him get Pop Idol in America) did not pull some strings. In a meeting with Elisabeth Murdoch, daughter of News Corporation (which owns Fox) founder and chief executive Rupert Murdoch, C.A.A. executives mentioned how Pop Idol is being stalled in Los Angeles. Having witnessed the program’s success in Britain and genuinely loving it, Elisabeth Murdoch immediately called her father and convinced him that Fox should buy the program’s rights. And the rest, as they say, is history. American Idol had a rough start, proving that what is already popular in another country will not necessarily be sold easily in another – there are, in fact, other important factors to consider. In Idol’s case, the history of like program formats worked to its disadvantage. Yet the show also demonstrated how, at times, flexing some muscles and forging good business relationships are really advantageous to one doing business. Had it not been for C.A.A.’s initiative to ‘use’ their connection with Elisabeth Murdoch, American Idol may have not found its American home as soon as it did. And now, Fox have under its belt, one of the most famous American shows to ever hit TV – and to think, it had been rejected by numerous TV networks in April of 2001.

Susan McClarys Music

Susan McClarys Music Although music is the sphere where the words cease to exist and where only the melody has the enchanting force that wins over the hearts of the audience, there is the chance to combine the two. In opera, the power of music and words is a single force which drives the audience through the plot of the story, making them feel every turn of the plot with every vein of theirs.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Susan McClarys Music specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Trying to bring together music, gender and sexuality, Susan McClary manages to work the ideas underlying Carmen, the famous opera where sensuality collides with the art of music to create a perfect child of love, whose name is masterpiece. Arguing that music serves to express another point of the relations between a woman and a society in Carmen, McClary suggests a specific version of the impact of the music in the opera. It is obvious that McClary suggests that th e music should serve not only as the background for the opera, but also as the means to emphasize the tenseness of the moment, make the audience feel the opera through, so that they could understand with their own heart what the author meant and what thoughts whirled through his mind as he was composing the art of his. McClary also drives to the idea that the music is supposed to coordinate with the key points of the ideas suggested by the storyline. Thus, she presupposes that the role of music as the evidence is enormous, and thus it needs careful observations so that the idea which the music carries could not escape the spectator’s eyes and be well understood. McClary provides certain premises for the argument, and these premises seem to be sufficient to start a discussion about. McClary emphasizes that the music should necessarily support the ideas which the plot suggests. Such must be the musical illustration that it should make the audience not only hear the beautiful me lody, but also see what it describes, watch the range of images rushing through their minds as the story unwinds into a perfect symphony, the union of music and words. The evidence which McClary uses is quite sufficient. Basing her arguments on Carmen, McClary clarifies her idea of he role of music in the opera. The methods which the author uses in her research are rather sufficient to see the problem in depth and to analyze it, there are certain suggestions concerning the evidence. Indeed, the examples which McClary drives are of utter importance and are full of meaning, yet it would be desirable that the experiment should be taken a bit further and to touch upon some more examples. The suggested evidence is convincing, yet it would be better if the author based her research not only on a single opera, but involved some other specimen of the opera art to consider. Thus, the multiple issues of different pieces of music would have been considered closely, and the result would have be en more objective.Advertising Looking for essay on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More As a matter of fact, the question of whether music can serve as a piece of evidence is a thing in itself, demands close consideration. If considering music as a form of evidence, one must pay attention to the tiniest details which usually pass unnoticed by the rest of the people. Music as an evidence is a note falling out of the order of the musical party, or a sudden change of the tone, or the winds or strings sounding in a different way. The fault of music as an evidence is that it is very uncertain, rather leaving questions to answer than the solutions to the problems. Music frames the scene described in the play, without creating the additional features. It suggests some more hints to the puzzle which the author gives, yet it does not provide any clear answer. Where music reigns is the depth of the subconscious, tha t is, the sphere where there can be no certainty. With such evidence, as light as a feather, it is impossible to make any solid assumptions about the idea of the opera. However, there is hardly anything that music cannot say. With each and every note, with the change of tone and melody, it makes people think of certain things, and different ideas and images float through their minds as they listen to the enchanting melody. This is where the subjectivity which McClare is speaking about matters so much. The individual perception of the music plays an important part in evaluating the role of music as a piece of evidence for the opera. I case the melody evokes the same ideas in minds of different people, the goal has been achieved and the music has played its part as the means to emphasize the curves and lines of the plot. The so-called â€Å"musical language† must not be underestimated. When used with the maximum of its expressivity, it can speak of different social problems as well as of the personal ones, crying about those living in misery and helping the others to understand the life of those in need. Binding people together, music can close the age, race of money gap between different layers of society and make them come to understanding each other. Throwing some light upon the problems which have been topical for a number of centuries, music can help people to solve these problems. Pushing the audience to think, music opens their hearts to the ideas which would have never occurred to the audience if they had not listened to the motifs as old as the hills.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Susan McClarys Music specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In this respect, music provides a sort of healing, which can make people see the light. Disregarding the form which the music takes, and the way the words sound, whether the latter make a song or a recitative, whether they float smoothly or sound l ike a drum, the music will remain the most powerful means of saying what escapes people’s attention.

Stem Cell Research Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Stem Cell Research - Essay Example Stem cell research provides potential cures for some incurable diseases such as diabetes, Parkinson’s, Alzheimer’s, multiple sclerosis among others. The damage caused by this diseases and conditions is normally irreversible to the affected cells or organs. Stems cells can be used to induce repair or replacement of diseased or damaged cells thus effectively restoring the functions of previously damaged organs. This way numerous nervous system diseases that are as a result of loss of nerve cells can also be treated. Stem cells also provide potential cure to birth defects, by attempting to correct cellular errors that happened before birth thus clearing the defects. The stem cells are introduced to the affected organ in a bid to induce repair or regeneration. With stem cell research, the effects of drugs and medicine can be tested on particular populations of cells thus eliminating the use of animals and human testers. This involves simulating the effects of a drug on the targeted cell line to establish any adverse effects. Stem cell research provides an opportunity to make cells and tissues for use in medical therapy. Tissues and organs can be grown in laboratories from stem cells for use in transplants since the number organ transplant needs exceeds the number of organs available transplantation. This could also help in future transplants as the patient receives a tissue or organ from own cell line, thus there are no chances of rejection during transplantation (Pillai). The study of stem cells could help scientists understand the normal process cell development and establish how medical conditions such as cancer and birth defects come to be, and how they can be corrected. An extensive understanding of cellular development through stem cell research will grant prevention and treatment of abnormal human developments. Stem cell research has led to discovery of treatments that can help in slowing the aging process and my hold the key to reversing the e ffects of aging, thus prolonging human life. As one’s stem cells age, they are no longer able to regenerate effectively as before but anti-aging products borne from stem cells, seeks out the aging stems cells in the skin, regenerating them (Anti-Aging Stem Cell Research). However, ethical issues crop up as to how and where the stem cells are obtained and the price that is paid to achieve objectives of stem cell research. To obtain embryonic stem cells, blastocysts that are generated by fertilizing human eggs in the laboratory are destroyed. For persons who share the belief that life begin at conception, the act is equivocal destroying human life which is unacceptable (Pillai). Financial challenges bear a significant role in research involving stem cells, in the form of purchases made in regard to buying equipment meant for use in the research (Connor). Funding this research involves investing heavily in a world that is already financially constrained. Just like any other file d in medicine, the issue of commercialization has caused debate on a wide scale. Financial challenges in this case are brought out in the form of ethical issues. For example, introducing commerce in stem cell research makes stem cell tissues and embryos into tradable goods and commodities. in addition, researchers could have commercial

Social Settings Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Social Settings - Essay Example use it is the group in which I feel I am most myself, most relaxed and most able to explore those elements of my interactions with others without expectations or strict boundaries. However, there is another world in which I operate that would be classified in terms of the organic as my association with business people is based on an interdependent web of specialized skills. I would consider this my secondary group because I have less personal emotion tied up in this group and my time spent with this group is a matter of necessity for the welfare of my primary group rather than primarily being a matter of choice. This also falls in line with Durkheim’s theories as the mechanical organization is primarily within kinship ties and the organic organization is within the larger sphere of my life in the city of New York. It was Ferdinand Tonnies who suggested much the same sort of distinction between social groups as that offered by Durkheim, namely that people tended to form social groups around either shared emotion and beliefs or around more intentional codependence on speciality and proximity. He also indicated that these groups had more specific settings in which to form. In terms of the emotional group, the rural setting or the small town seems to be what he had in mind, where each individual shared much of the same lore, mythology and concepts of self-preservation for the community at large while the other group was more abstract and distant, focused more on the welfare of the city or state. While I see how these ideas may be valid, I feel my personal life falls more within Durkheim’s system in which both systems might exist simultaneously within the same context. My family and friends are a close-knit group who share many of the same interests and sometimes the same background while m y co-workers are equally close based upon our shared interest in the welfare of the organization for which we work. While I gain my sense of status within both of my

Film Report Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Film Report - Assignment Example Those who were lucky to have gone to school and had learnt some English later indigenized the music into other languages. It was first produced in the wolof language since wolof was the biggest language group in Senegal. Since the introduction of the hip hop music, there are over three thousand thriving hip hop groups in Dakar. The groups are trying to deeply express whatever is burning in their hearts. All the groups being that they are using the hip hop music to create awareness of their countries political instability makes the country to be of particular interest in contemporary African hip hop movement. The once imported sound of fighting the power was now something distinctly Senegalese where it was only about democracy in the country. Senegal’s hip hop culture is grounded both in the local and in the transnational network of music and ideas. It’s hip hop mixes both sound and culture. When Awadi is questioned on the successfulness of hip hop in Senegal, he replies that they have a traditional connection with hip hop; traditional music called, Tulsa or kebetu where you play drums and talk on the beat. In hip life film Democracy in Senegal, the hip hop practitioners deeply exhibits that they were the ones who played the greatest role in the regime change in their country. They were not telling the people on who to vote for because they believed that all politicians in Senegal were the same but they adviced them to vote. The Sen kumpe group is very courageous.the group talks about anything including politics and is limited by nothing. The groups faces severe problems when reflecting these political issues one being that of The flag of Senegal where the media could not help in the airing of critical messages. The other one being that the groups received threats of being sued. So many people have gone into exile as a result. Bambino was threatened that his house was to be burnt down if he continued talking

Importance of Netpulses Technologies for Beach Bum Essay

Importance of Netpulses Technologies for Beach Bum - Essay Example It has been apparent from the fact that the application of different information systems has augmented at a faster rate over the previous years. Moreover, it has been noted that the aspect of information technology (IT) has relentlessly become a vital constituent in the working life as well as the personal environment of every individual. Most of the business organizations belonging to different industrial segments extensively rely upon the feature of information technologies or systems at a considerable level. With the rapid appearance of the feature of electronic commerce or e-commerce, the implementation, as well as the application of information systems, has been raised at large. The business organizations enthusiastically use the different information systems not only for the motive of increasing their operational standards but also to generate new business opportunities in order to remain competitive in this present situation of the global business market (Ward & Peppard, 2002) . In order to deal with the information technologies strategically, it is quite important to understand the function of technology-based information systems which significantly facilitate to develop the business organizations. In today’s contemporary world, the organizations desire to execute an advanced strategic approach in order to manage the information systems. The various strategic applications linked with information systems as well as technologies which are quite vital for the businesses include computer-incorporated manufacturing programs and electronic mail or electronic data interchange (EDI) systems among others (Ward & Peppard, 2002). In order to deal with the information technologies strategically, it is quite important to understand the function of technology-based information systems which significantly facilitate to develop the business organizations.

Organizing Function of Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Organizing Function of Management - Essay Example Organizing is a broad set of activities, and often considered one of the major functions of management" (McNamara 2007). In the Department of Veterans Affairs, organizing function has a great impact on HR and staff relations. In this organization, HR is concerned with a long-term and a short-term perspective; the psychological contract based on commitment and compliance; self-control and external controls. The Department of Veterans Affairs pays a special attention to selection process and development of employees who work with veterans and their families. Organizing function involves training programs for service workers and career development, promotion and personal development of employees. The core of organizing function of HR includes communication, motivation and leadership (Horts, 2002). Within the Department of Veterans Affairs, attention is also drawn to the key role of organizational culture. For example, an "organization" means the philosophy, attitudes and actions of top managers and service workers, or possibly an individual manager. The rationale for organizing function is built on the idea that employees and clients engage in basically consistent, value-maximizing calculations or adaptations within certain constraints. The peculiarity of this organization is that it deals with diverse customer groups and services. In many cases, the Department of Veterans Affairs has to choose the alternative approach and consequences that rank highest in terms of the payoff functions; that is, that contribute most to the ultimate goal (Horts, 2002). The organization introduced additional training focusing on employee's motivation and work design programs to help worker identify their goal and professional development strategies. Organizing function helps to determine and ma nage goals or objectives and has a payoff, utility, or preference function that permits that person to rank all possible alternative actions by the action's contribution to the desired goals. For instance, "HSR&D provides core funding to fifteen Centers of Excellence (COEs). The research at each COE serves to energize the facility and network with which they are affiliated, and provides a constant source of innovation, creativity and support" (the Department of Veterans Affairs 2007). The organization is presented with and understands alternative courses of action. Each alternative has a set of consequences. Successful organization performance depends upon and is determined by technology. For instance, "technology as it is used in health care is defined as applied knowledge, in other words: any intervention used in health promotion, prevention and rehabilitation" (the Department of Veterans Affairs 2007). Technology helps to connect people in organization who operate in a distance, and has no opportunity to use printed matters or other sources. Organizing function plays a crucial role in technology management determining the main areas of improvement and resources available and needed for this process. The key benefit is the fast interactions between employees and between employees and clients. This constitutes the capital of an organization, i.e. the network of relationships constitutes a valuable resource for the conduct of organizational affairs. For

Social Learning Theory and Role Model Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Social Learning Theory and Role Model - Essay Example The outcome of the experiment was that children imitated what was done on the doll (hitting, punching, shouting at it) without waiting first for any reward approximated to the person in the experiment initially hitting it. This is where social learning theory was derived, which is an observational learning or modeling (ibid). Social learning suggests that both the environment and psychological factors create a kind of behavior, which an individual acts upon. It outlines four steps, which are involved in the modeling process: attention, retention, reproduction, and motivation. With the social learning theory, Bandura goes on to say that individuals, especially children, learn and act according to what they see in the environment, which are basically based on imitation. They act what they see and are socialized within that system, which pursues such behavior. It is then significant to point out that since children imitate values, actions, and social behavior modeled to them, it is then better that these actions and values are good and correct in order for them to act as good and valuable social beings. Even though Bandura claims that an individual learns behavior from his environment coupled with some psychological factors that trigger such behavior, a particular behavior does not always result in remodeling. This is due to the presence of punishments, which could be past, promised (e.g. threats), or vicarious (Boeree 1998). The social learning theory has a continuous reciprocal interaction among behavioral, cognitive, a and environmental influences. It has extensively been applied to understanding aggressive behaviors and how an individual may be influenced to trail the path of aggression. It also received a fair degree of attention on psychological disorder, specifically on the context of behavior modification (Bandura 1969). Television commercials and computer games are few of the most

Tannenbaum and Schmidt continuum

Tannenbaum and Schmidt continuum Executive Summary The following essay will demonstrate the authors ability to understand key theoretical and strategic issues relating to human resource management. The author will take the needs of the organisation and the individual, in order to maximise motivation, workplace practices and culture. These are some examples that are required for effective project management. Therefore, the author will critically compare three contingency situational theories and apply these to the authors own experiences within the workplace or outside commitments. The aim is to exemplify high-quality project management skills and identify what is required to become a successful leader. To begin, when individuals first learn about Fiedlers contingency theory, they generally think of the more readily used form of the word contingency (Envision, 2005). In essence, they assume that contingency is an element that relays upon or caused by another event i.e. leaderships, groups of people or infrequent relationships come into contention. However, at its base, contingency means individuals interacting with each other. This involves the connection or dependence amongst followers and their leaders. Between 1950 and 1960s, psychologists including Fielder, began to study leadership and behaviour styles of managers. However, before Fiedlers study, psychologists focused on the characteristics of successful leaders and believed in an ideal science of organisation. Psychologists believed that there were preeminent methods to run a group or organisation, which had the best decision making and effective business practices. Therefore, Fielders contingency theory was a benchmark to all modern management theories, in contradicting, singular ideal organizational approaches (Envision, 2005). The rationale of Fiedlers contingency is based upon the relationship between a leaders personality and the current environment in which a leader operates. A leader can be defined as, an individual who is given the task of directing or coordinating task-relevant activities, or an individual who carries the responsibility for performing these functions when there is no appointed leader (Envision, 2005). Therefore, the theory is based on determining the orientation of the leader (i.e. relationship or task) and the elements of the situation (i.e. leader-member relations, task structure, and leader position power) (SAC Business, 2007). Although, its worthwhile noting that task-oriented styles are more effective when a leader either has or doesnt has influence upon a particular situation. Relationship-orientated styles are more effective, only when a leader is reasonably favourable to their influence. In Fiedlers view, the appropriateness of the leadership style for maximizing group performance is contingent upon the favourableness of group-task situations (Fielder, 1967). While the theory foresees leader effectiveness upon an individuals characteristics and favourableness of the situation, the significant of effectiveness is anticipated by most variants of contingency theory as choosing the correct style of leader. The style of the leader is anticipated by both external and internal factors within an organisation i.e. a leaders awareness and agreement with other individuals upon a given task. In other words, the organization should match up a particular manager and his style to the demands of the situation or alter the variables within the situation, i.e., the power that goes with the leadership position, so that the situation becomes more conducive to the managers style of influence. Fielder proposes that it would be easier and more effective if an organisation engineers a job to suit a leader and not a leader adapting his own leadership style to fit the job. In essence, an organisation should match a manager and his style to the demands of the situation or alter the variables within the situation (Dean, 1976) i.e. the power associated with a leadership position, which will make the situation more conductive to a managers style of influence. There have been other contingency theories (situational contingency theory), which agree upon the non-existence of a single correct solution within an organisation. Additional similarities allowed the main principles to be amalgamated into one typical contingency theory i.e. group effectiveness requires cohesion between a leaders style and situational demands. Likewise, the theory which Fielder defines as, situational control, would demonstrate how a leader can have an influence on a groups behaviour and actions. Nevertheless, the Fielder theory hypothesises that most situations will have three aspects which will constitute a leaders posture: The Environment i.e. the groups assurance of the leader. Vagueness or clearness of the groups task. A leaders influence will effect on how the group performs on a given task. Therefore, in reference to the authors experiences, there was time when the author was rugby captain for a local Rugby team. Taking Fielders three theory hypothesis into context, the author had the acclaimed respect and confidence from other members of the team. The team were satisfied that they had a leader capable of delivering success and with this in mind; the team were fully focused on the task ahead. Before a league match commenced, the team were fully aware that they needed to work as a unit. All players knew that both the manager and the captain (author) demanded 100% commitment in a match or training. For whatever reason if a player lacked confidence or commitment, they would be dropped until they proved there worthiness. As a leader, the author regards himself as a benevolent dictator (Paul, 2004). The author can be ruthless in many respects, due to the hunger for success. The team understands the way in which the author reacts to particular scenarios i.e. the author has a fun side, as well as a serious side. As discussed, the author respects fellow team members and the team respects the author. Therefore, this is regarded as a recipe for success and could be reflected in the teams outstanding results. In contrast to Fiedlers contingency theory, which anticipates that a leadership style is difficult to change (Wiley, 2010), Hersey-Blanchard situational leadership model proposes that successful leaders adjust their leadership styles. Therefore, instead of utilising one style of leadership, leaders should change their leadership styles based on the maturity of the people theyre leading and the details of the task (Mind Tools, 2010). In essence, this theory allows the leader to judge both tasks and relationships with individuals more effectively, depending on the requirements that are needed to do the job successfully. Hersey-Blanchard devised a model map, which relates a particular leadership style to a maturity level. The table below (figure 1 Mind Tools, 2010), identifies which leadership style Hersey and Blanchard consider the most effective for people with that level of maturity. Hersey-Blanchards Model Map In essence, there are essentially four main leadership styles and these are explained in the examples below: S1 Telling. A leader will tell individuals instructions on what needs doing and how to complete the task successfully. S2 Selling. A leader tends to provide more communication with the individuals, even though a leader will still provide task instructions. Leaders tend to sell their message to get the entire team on board. S3 Participating. A leader tends to focus more on team relations and less on task direction. A leader will become more involved in a teams task and will have an equal say in decision making. S4 Delegating. A leader will become less involved in the decision making process. Although a leader will still monitor team progress, they will pass a proportion of the responsibility onto a follower or the entire group. In essence, leadership styles are split into two main areas. For example, S1 and S2 leadership styles concentrate upon completing a particular task. However, S3 and S4 leadership styles are more focused upon developing an individuals ability to work independently within a team. Likewise, an individuals maturity level will determine the style of leadership to adopt. A breakdown of maturity levels can be found in the examples below: M1 M1 maturity level is at the lowest point of the model map. Individuals who demonstrate at this maturity level tend to lack the necessary skills and knowledge to complete a given task upon their own ability. Its common to push these individuals to achieve something. M2 At this level, followers might be willing to work on the task, but they still dont have the skills to do it successfully. M3 Individuals at this level are well prepared and have the wiliness to complete a given task. However, these individuals still tend to lack confidence in their abilities to achieve something. M4 M4 maturity level is at the highest point of the model map. Compared to other levels on the maturity scale, individuals at this level posses the necessary skills and knowledge to complete a given task i.e. high confidence levels and strong commitment to complete a given task successfully. Essentially, every team which is created from a group of individuals are not equal. A theory behind Hersey and Blanchards situational leadership model argues that a leader will be more effective when they adopt a leadership style that is based upon either individuals or groups they are leading. In reference to the authors experiences, there was a period when the author worked within the Information systems department at Nissan Motor Manufacturing (UK) Limited. The author was given the responsibility of being in charge of a new individual within our resolve group. The author assumed the new individual had some of the required skills to reach the department goals, but not all of them. However, to the authors relief, they had the correct approach and attitude to complete the work. Therefore, the author believed that the individual was at a M3 maturity level (Medium maturity, higher skills but lacking confidence), which is linked to the S3 leadership style (Participating/supporting). Over the weeks that followed, the author ensured the individual was trained to the best of the authors ability, pushing and teaching the individual where necessary i.e. training of new systems. The authors main objective would be to ensure the individual would eventually make their own decisions and as a result, the author identified that both our relationships strengthen over the weeks and their own individual efforts are successful. Compared to the two previous contingency-situational theories, Robert Tannenbaum and Warren Schmidt developed a simple model which, developed a continuum of leadership behaviour to describe a range of behavioural patterns available to a manager (Dean, M, 1976). In other words, the model demonstrates the relationship between the level of freedom that a manager chooses to give to a team, and the level of authority used by the manager (Chapman, A, 1995-2009). The model below (figure 2) is based with Fred Luthans Organisation Behaviour (1995). A leaders action identified on the left of the model, typify a manager who maintains a high degree of control. Whereas, a leaders action identified on the right of the model, typify a manager who delegates authority. Tannenbaum and Schmidt felt that a leader should not choose one style and adhere to it strictly but should be flexible and adapt his style to the situation (Dean, M, 1976). Tannenbaum and Schmidt acknowledged that there should be an interaction between a leader and his /her team. There is usually a trade-off between the control exercised by the leader and the control exercised by the team. However, its identified that no one usually has 100% control of a situation. Even though a leader may give a direct order, other individuals may retain control over i.e. how eager an individual obeys an order. Tannenbaum and Schmidt highlight four diverse leadership styles: Telling A tyrannical style, which a leader gives specific instructions and will monitor individuals intimately. Telling style, is useful when individuals cannot deal with a task unaided, are reluctant, are introduced to a new leader or a previous leader who allowed standards to depreciate. This style will only work well, when you monitor key performance indicators closely or be precise about standards and performance targets for example. Selling A manager will make a decision and then sells the decision (Sherwin, 2009). Selling is acknowledged as being influential, in which a leader gives a clear direction upon a given task and supervises a situation very closely. Selling is also regarded in explaining decisions, encouraging suggestion and supports progress. However, this style works well, when team motivation is lacking and more appropriate when a particular task is non-negotiable. Its also appropriate when a teams motivation is critical to achieve task success. Although, for this style to be successful, you need to reward positive attitudes, listen to staff more closely and develop team skills for example. Consulting A manager will present ideas and invites questions. A manager will have hesitant decisions that are subject to change. A manager will present a problem, get suggestions and make a decision (Sherwin, 2009). Consulting, is collaborative in a style which a leader will discuss a task and will listen to a teams collective ideas. A leader will take each idea into consideration and will have to make a key decision. Consulting is appropriate when a team has both the competence and sufficient skills to contribute to a particular cause. However, the leader has the desire to retain control of a situation, particularly when a leader feels there is an imbalance between a teams competency and any associated risks. Although, for this style to be successful, you need to focus on morale, team spirit and encourage team participation for example. Participation A manager will define a team limits and ask a group to make decisions. A manger permits subordinate to function within limits defined by superior(Sherwin, 2009). Participation is a facilitating style, which a leader gives a team maximum responsibility. Participation is appropriate when a team can demonstrate competency and has a positive attitude towards a task. A leader can have the confidence in letting a team get on with a task and utilise this as a crucial part of the development process. Although, for this style to be successful, you need to act as a resource tool, allow individuals to independently develop their learning and identify potential individuals that can show an example to others. Before the author decided to enrol in higher education, there was a period of time when the author was an apprentice electrician with the local council. The role involved attending a variety of jobs in office buildings, factories, schools, hospitals etc. Emergency call outs were frequent and there was one particular job which required urgent attention. The nature of the job involved an elderly couple, which experienced severe flooding from their bathroom and it was leaking through light fittings in the kitchen. When the author and a colleague arrived at the scene, the damage was worse than anticipated. Therefore, the author had been given the authority to contact the depot to ask for additional members of staff including a plumber and a plasterer. When they arrived on scene, the author coordinated the entire job to ensure the power circuits were repaired, damaged pipe work repaired and the ceiling patched where the water was leaking. Although the author maintained partial authority, the author allowed the team to coordinate some activities amongst themselves. Therefore as the situation changed, the author demonstrated a degree of flexibility, which can be highlighted in Tannenbaum and Schmidts Model of Delegation and Team Development If you refer to the model above, the author tends to typify a leader who demonstrates authority. The author tends to gain a range of theories and ideas which are discussed with the group. Once achieve, the author would make an appropriate decision. In essence, all three contingency theories have unique characteristics that are suited around a particular style. The contingency theory which the author believes will benefit a workforce is the Fielder-Contingency theory and this assumption is based upon the authors own experiences. In comparison to the Hersey-Blanchard and Tannenbaum and Schmidt leadership theories, the author particularly likes the way which Fielder justifies that leaders are not just successful or unsuccessful. Depending upon the situation at the time, leaders can be either effective or ineffective. Therefore, any individual can have the potential to become a successful leader if they choose the most appropriate situation to apply their leadership styles. By adjusting certain elements i.e. task structure, relationships; a leader can have a more effective leadership style. Fielders scale can be relevant in determining leadership styles. References Chapman, A (1995 2009) Tannenbaum and Schmidt continuum. Available at http://www.businessballs.com/tannenbaum.htm. (Accessed: 6th April 2010) Dean, E. M (1976) Managerial Styles. Available at www.airpower.au.af.mil//mar-apr/dean.html. (Accessed: 6th April 2010) Envision Software (2005) Fielders Contingency Theory. Available at http://www.envisionsoftware.com/articles/Fiedlers_Contingency_Theory.html. (Accessed: 31st March 2010) Fielder, F. E (1967) A Theory of Leadership Effectiveness, McGraw Hill, New York, p. 147. Luthans, F (1995) Organisation Behaviour, 7th edition, McGraw Hill, New York Mind Tools (1995 2010) The Hersey-Blanchard Situational Leadership Theory. Available at http://www.mindtools.com/pages/article/newLDR_44.htm (Accessed: 2nd April 2010) Paul, L. G (2004) Ruthless Strategies for Succeeding in Times of Trouble. Available at http://www.cio.com/article/32171/Ruthless_Strategies_for_Succeeding_in_Times_of_Troube. (Accessed: 6th April 2010) SAC Business (2007) Fielders Contingency Theory. Available at http://docs.google.com/viewer. (Accessed: 31st March 2010) Sherwin, L (2009) Styles of Leadership Available at http://www.lindsay-sherwin.co.uk/guide_team_leadership/html_leadership_styles/4_tannenbaum_schmidt.htm. (Accessed: 12th April 2010) Wiley (2010) What are some additional directions in leadership development and research? Available at http://docs.google.com/viewer. (Accessed: 1st April 2010) Bibliography Chapman, A (1995 2009) Tannenbaum and Schmidt continuum. Available at http://www.businessballs.com/tannenbaum.htm. (Accessed: 6th April 2010) Contingency Models (1997) Contingency Models Website Available at http://www.see.ed.ac.uk/~gerard/MENG/ME96/Documents/Styles/conti.html (Accessed: 31st March 2010) Dean, E. M (1976) Managerial Styles. Available at www.airpower.au.af.mil//mar-apr/dean.html. (Accessed: 6th April 2010) Envision Software (2005) Fielders Contingency Theory. Available at http://www.envisionsoftware.com/articles/Fiedlers_Contingency_Theory.html. (Accessed: 31st March 2010) Fielder, F. E (1967) A Theory of Leadership Effectiveness, McGraw Hill, New York, p. 147. Luthans, F (1995) Organisation Behaviour, 7th edition, McGraw Hill, New York Mind Tools (1995 2010) The Hersey-Blanchard Situational Leadership Theory. Available at http://www.mindtools.com/pages/article/newLDR_44.htm (Accessed: 2nd April 2010) Paul, L. G (2004) Ruthless Strategies for Succeeding in Times of Trouble. Available at http://www.cio.com/article/32171/Ruthless_Strategies_for_Succeeding_in_Times_of_Troube. (Accessed: 6th April 2010) Peters, L. H., Hartke, D. D., Pohlmann J. T. (1985) Fiedlers Contingency Theory of Leadership: An application of the meta-analysis procedures of Schmidt and Hunter, Vol 97 (2), pp. 274-285. DOI [Online]. Available at http://Psycnet.apa.org/doi (Accessed 1st April 2010) Pugh, D.S (1988) Organization Theory, Penguin Books, pp417 424 SAC Business (2007) Fielders Contingency Theory. Available at http://docs.google.com/viewer. (Accessed: 31st March 2010) Sherwin, L (2009) Styles of Leadership Available at http://www.lindsay-sherwin.co.uk/guide_team_leadership/html_leadership_styles/4_tannenbaum_schmidt.htm. (Accessed: 12th April 2010) Wiley (2010) What are some additional directions in leadership development and research? Available at http://docs.google.com/viewer. (Accessed: 1st April 2010) Vecchio, P. R (1988) Organizational Behaviour, Dryden Press, pp286-304