Strategic Management of Managing Effective Communication Campaigns

Question: Discuss about the facts for Strategic Management of Managing Effective Communication Campaigns. Answer: Introduction: Padini Holdings Berhad is a Malaysian-domiciled investment holding company, engaged in the operation and contributed in Malaysias apparel industry, manufacturing, and trading (Padini Holdings Bhd 2016). Padini has setup its operation in fashion-apparel industry, manufacturing and trading in Malaysia. Previous the company engaged in the manufacture and wholesale women fashion wear. Later the company subsequently added their rage of offerings and includes children and mens lines. Being competitive and prominent apparel contributor in the Malaysias fashion world, the company is always busy in their product offerings maintaining unique freshness for generating maximum customer responses. Now Padmini is looking for to extend their business offering by including sportswear to their customers. This strategic idea involves the formulation and implementation of these major initiatives which shall be taken by the companys top management based on consideration of resources. The researcher will assess the internal, external business environments in which Padini currently belongs. To benchmark with Voir Holding, another renowned contributor of the apparel industry, the researcher will evaluate the situation analysis and future market position as well. Mission: Blending the highest standards in design, manufacturing, quality, customer services, branding and innovation, Padini Holding is cherished to profile affordable goods and services within the brand niches (Padini Holdings Bhd 2016). Vision: The vision of the company is to be the best fashion retailer in Malaysia. Maintaining unique product delivery at the affordable price is all the aspiration of the company. Objectives: To address the above mentioned vision and mission statement of the company, Padini Group needs to follow a set of objectives for the successful establishment of their extended service deliveries. To provide the most essential retail products at the affordable prices To deliver fresh quality food items at all stores and through online across Malaysia To ensure a seamless operation and increase profitability by 10% within 2 years To provide the best selling experience and ultimate fashion and food retail destination across Malaysia Macro environmental analysis Based on the strategic review, Padini Group will assess the environmental analysis. Strategic analysis consists with macro analysis, Industry analysis and internal capabilities. In this section, the researcher starts the analysis by the use of PESTEL framework. Political Factors: To encourage Malaysians to shop locally, the government of Malaysia promotes this retail industry by adopting the aggressive approach of value for money shopping destination (San Lim et al. 2016). The robust growth of apparel and retail industry in Malaysia is largely for the cause of the participation of the government of Malaysia in terms of helping industry by allowing foreign direct investment and a huge tariff relaxation in terms of making large foreign exchange earnings. Dealing with foreign clients and foreign resources are quite easy and safe because the efforts of Malaysian government to make the foreign transactions crime-free are already appreciated by many market participants and business owners. The lower interference of the government in the business development encourages companies to involve in more strategic expansions. Economic factors: Though the encouraging foreign competition stimulates the local economy of Malaysia, Padini Holdings would still hold the leading position in apparel industry. In 2015, the retailing in Malaysia saw a healthy growth in terms of number of goods sold out in the market comparable with that seen the previous year. The Malaysian economy expanded by 4.2 percent year-on-year in the first quarter of 2016. This percentage is slightly above the market expectations of a 4.1 percent expansion. Many economists say that it is the weakest growth since the first quarter of 2013 as the faster increase in public and private consumption (Lee, Hassan and Mohamed Udin 2016). Several economists still believe that there is a huge scope for domestic companies to expand their market because the growing GDP indicates the demand of consumable goods and services along with the high purchasing power of average Malaysian people. In the diversified and developing economy of Malaysia, the largest sector of the econ omy is services, accounting for around 54 percent of GDP. Thus all favorable facts give the scope to Padini Group to expand their products delivery in the market. Social factors: Malaysia attracts several numbers of clients with its large, literate, young and hugely urban population equates to a healthy labor market. Being the developing economic condition, Malaysia is considered as an upper middle income country. As per economists opinion the country is one of the most developed among the developing countries. This information indicates that the average Malaysian people has the ability to purchase their necessities in daily basis. On the other hand, consumers lifestyle has been changing with times for the better in this nation due to the emerging growth in the education system of the country (David and David 2016). Several high profile retailers such as Padini Holding, Voir Holding, Zara, Levis, Guess along with global media have changed the consumer buying behavior, resulting in the Malaysians as being more westernized. Moreover it is indeed a positive fact that average Malaysians life revolves around trendy shopping malls. Therefore, it would be favorable if Padini Holding updates their ranges of offering by incorporating sportswear with the latest trends. Technology factors: There is a huge trend in shopping online due to growing ecommerce functionalities in the Malaysians business world (Slack 2015). Internet accessibility has changed the shopping perceptions because young people preferred to shop through online and this is the reason behind the huge popularity of the online retail sites in Malaysia. Alternatively, it can be said that retailers can now get a scope to sell their products both online and offline. This unfolds opportunities to earn more profit because it gives the extra exposure and the operational costs are also reduced by the selling their products through the internet facilities. Environmental factors: Retailing industry has long accounted for a substantial economic growth in Malaysia. The environmental aspects of retailing have been must studies as one of the significant initiatives of CSR (Ward and Peppard 2016.). This has been investigated that majority of Malaysian people trust in eco-label and eco-brand products as this factor changed the consumer buying perceptions (Rosenbaum-Elliott et al. 2015). In addition, Percy and Rosenbaum-Elliott (2016) found that several high profile lifestyle companies have been acknowledged this fact and adopted green culture while manufacturing and selling products into the market. Though there is a significant relationship between consumer behavior and attitudes towards green practices, Padini Holding Company has given their efforts by using recycling items during the process of garment manufacturing. Furthermore, the company believes in green packaging and green product distribution process. Initiatives of not selling Fur have been taken in all their outlets is a strong indication that Padini Holding has considered environmental factors seriously. Legal factors: There is a least number of legal rules and regulations imposed by the government of Malaysia. Also the regulatory environment of the nation is stable and provides complete set of rules, institutions, regulations and attitudes to all the local businesses. Industry Analysis Before entering into the market, it is indeed important tom assess the industry or market position and demand for the future (Mellahi and Frynas 2015). By the using canvas of Porters five forces, the researcher can identify industry position. Assessing different industry threats like rival entry, availability of substitutes, and power of buyer, suppliers and extended rivalry of competitors is the main forces of Porter. Intensity of rivalry among existing competitors: High In the modern times, many companies are willing to extend their size in terms of volume of sales, workforces, technology development which certainly compete with each rival company for the same resources such as brand reputation, customers loyalty, market shares and other factors (Morden 2016). Presence of existing competitors including Voir Holding Company, Giodano Holdings Bhd, Esprit, Zara, Bonia Corporation, the chosen company will surely face intense rivalry or a threat among existing competitors. However, this is the perfect time for Padini to extend their lifestyle range and capture the market. But the concerning part is that the cost of switching will be low because consumers have the option to compare prices before taking the final buying decision. Additionally, consumers can also compare the styles of the clothing season. Therefore, product uniqueness shall be maintained in the market. Threat of Substitutes: Medium Though clothing is the basic requirement, the retailing and manufacturing industry for apparels have no visible substitute (Austin and Pinkleton 2015). However, there are budding substitutes in reaching to target consumers. There is a threat of non-retailing stores such as direct mail, online shopping, telephone sales, door-to-door sales which are gaining popularity in the Asian countries. The power of Buyers: High The bargaining power of buyers in the market of Malaysia is moderate and the company can influence trend and fashion (Vignali 2015). However, lunching price of the product may be fixed at low because the switching cost is low and consumers can change their choices whenever they find unsatisfactory results from the company due to presence of alternative options in the market. Holding the market position, thus, would be the cause of concern for Padini Holding Company. This is always an issue whether the product of Padini is fashionable or it provides the better value to the consumers that its adversary. Therefore, the company must experience a high sensitivity to the consumers ever changing trends to satisfy their needs. Entry Threat: Low The Malaysian-base companies such as Voir Holding, Bonia, Elba have already sustained their position in the market. These companies have lowest operating costs because the selling price of the local companies are low compare to foreign companies in the market of Malaysia. Since already exists company are already achieve economies of scale, it would be difficult for new comers to come into the apparel market (De Waal 2015). Few analysts think that it would not possible for new companies to operate in a large scale immediately; instead they can compete with the smaller companies that are not listed in KLSE. In means that Padini has the power to stimulate the consumers buying decisions because the company has lesser threat in term of thee new entries in the market. Bargaining power of suppliers- Low Padini is already engaged both in manufacturing and retailing business. Padinis in-house design is used for styling of the brand and outsourcing the manufacturing products into their store indicates low bargaining power of the suppliers. Thus the bargaining power of suppliers in this diversified company is slow. The above discussion clearly indicates that the intensity of the rivalry in the industry of apparels is high because of the existence of the similar ranges of product but at the same time the treats of entry is low. To perform with stability, the decision of Padini to extend their line of product is ideal for the industry. This is the right time to introduce range of sportswear which is popular and highly demanding among young Malaysians. Capability analysis To assess the strategic capabilities, the company needs to identify its own organizational effectiveness (Lages 2016). Additionally it is important to assess the weaknesses of Padini with the benchmark of other existing companies. Organizational effectiveness and value chain: Initially Padini was engaged in the manufacture and wholesale of ladies wear. Due to stiff competition from the rival companies, the company has concentrated to increase the list of delivering products and quality of services with the support of large workforces. With the effectiveness of the leadership, the company subsequently added childrens and mens lines to its offerings. Thereafter Padini has changed their role from the wholesaler to single-brand store. In this context, the value lies in their product uniqueness and brand recognition in the market. Currently the company has nine levels of family in its family of brands and retail in 330 stores which are franchised outlets, freestanding stores and counters of consignment in Malaysia across the nation. Also the company made available their products at the online as well, named as Padini.com where all products are available and new products can easily be marketed without wasting any huge amount. Now the company is listed on the Se cond Board of Bursa Malaysia Securities Berhad and gained the shareholders confidence and increased the brand reputation. According to the SWOT analysis of the company, the following are the strengths of Padini Group based on the years performance and current market position: Strengths: High growth rate Reduced labor costs Brand reputation in the domestic market High profitability and revenue over the past years Skilled workforces However, weaknesses are as follows: Competitive market and unstable profitability are the biggest concerns of the company. Operational capabilities: Despite the above mentioned threats the company has enough organizational capabilities because of being considered as one of the preferred apparel companies in Malaysia. The effective leadership and skilled designers of the company are added creativities in terms of lunching new trends, styles and product line increases the operational effectiveness in terms of more sales during the financial year and results increased popularity (Sahu 2015). Due to in-house design, Padinis biggest value added service is the product uniqueness or exclusivity. On the other hand, Malaysians are gradually exposed to more international and regional sports events by the government and private organizations. Due to this reason, the company currently captures the theme of sports and presents a completely new sportswear product line in their existing product portfolio. Compare to Voir Holding Company, Padini is placed in a better position in terms of market share, style, ranges of product deliveries and fina ncial position is the stock market. Though both the companies are operating in the same industry, Padinis product exclusivity and comparatively low price are the biggest advantages over Vior Holding Company. Financial capabilities: Financial stability is the key driving force to implement any new strategic plan. Being the leaders of the appeals industry in Malaysia, the company is financially secure. With the current line of offerings, the company has increased its revenue from 866.26m to 977.90m. However, the company is concerned due to the percentage of increased cost of goods sold. Due to this fact the net income is slightly reduced in 2015. In this strategic plan, the company needs to invest more on assets and workforces for launching the new product line with their existing ranges of product. Due to operating surplus at the rate of 13.68 percent, the company can easily manage the extra burden of costs. Therefore, the above analysis clearly indicates that Padini Holding has the ability of product extension in the future period. Sound capabilities in terms of operational, organizational and financial, the company suggests that the company can make this strategic plan a successful one. Proposed Strategy To execute this plan, the company needs to address the drawbacks, threats and weaknesses strategically. Strengths -S Weaknesses-W S1 Leading position in Malaysia W1 Unstable profitability S2 Several outlets across the nation W2 less on line shopping exposure S3 Effective leadership and diverse work culture SO Strategy (S1+O1) S4 High quality product ST Strategy (S1+T1) S5 Trendy and traditional products availability WT Strategy (W1+ WO Strategy (W1+O4) Threats-T T1 increased competitions T3 No celebrity endorsement Opportunities-O O1 Product extension O2 Preferred local companies O3 Scope to increase profitability SO strategy: The company needs to use the power as market leadership to strategically expand their businesses (Johnson et al. 2013). Being hold the dominant position in the retail market, Padini has a huge power and opportunity to launch their new sportswear by appropriate media intervention. WO strategy: To give more efforts towards online services along with offline retail operation, the company can achieve proposed revenue in the long run (Hitt, Ireland and Hoskisson 2012). This strategy is quite feasible because most of the Malaysians are now preferred to shop online. Offering more products means meeting more customer demands. In this way, Padini can improve their profitability and stabilize the company profit. ST Strategy: There is a plan to introduce new sportswear by celebrity endorsement. Launching this product line by a sports personality is a good option to promote and create awareness. In this way, the company can generate maximum attention of consumers and would result higher profitability. WT Strategy: To fight against the increase competition in the apparel market, the company needs to maintain the product uniqueness and low price strategy (David and David 2016). By constant monitoring over consumers product preferences, the company can understand the trend. Collecting feedback or conducting survey process, the demands of the consumer can be reviewed and updated ranges of product accordingly is another strategy for staying in the market. By this following this strategy the company can achieve more profitability and ensure the sustainability in the market. The new product will be positioned is as follows: (Source: created by author) Strategy Evaluation By the use of above proposed strategy, Padini Holding Company can strengthen their position internally and externally as well. Internally, the more effective workforce management will be implemented to deliver additional responsibilities. The more workforces may be recruited for seamless operation from the fabric and design department to product delivery. The performance of the company can be evaluated by the following ways: Suitability: By the strong media exposure, the organization can promote their new product line among their customers (Jakhar, S.K., 2015). The trust of the consumers is already achieved by the company for years long services in Malaysia. Therefore, consumer awareness can be established within a short period of time without expending much. Accessibility: Getting more return is the ultimate desire of shareholders. In this case, the company can definitely increase volume of sales and will generate more profit. This would result more return in the long run. However, shareholders must have patience for getting such return because new product needs some time to get popular. Feasibility: The improved revenue and operating profit increases the feasibility of the lunch of new product in the market. On the other hand, new product of Padini is quite competent for having effective leadership, skilled workforce and market position of the company. Conclusion with recommendations: By the above strategic analysis, this can be said that Padini Group can extend their product line and increase the market share in Malaysia. Diverse work culture, effective leadership, brand reputation, skilled workforce - all are favorable factor for the company. However, few recommendations are as follows: New products line must be promoted by mentioning features such as price, design and theme. Such promotion can be done by online because it is cost effective and powerful as well. Initially price of the products must be fixed at low so that consumer can prefer to buy this product. Quality services must be provided by the sales professionals at all stores of Padini. They can increase awareness by promoting new products by mouth publicity. References: Austin, E.W. and Pinkleton, B.E., 2015. Strategic Public Relations Management: Planning and Managing Effective Communication Campaigns (Vol. 10). Routledge. David, F. and David, F.R., 2016. Strategic Management: A Competitive Advantage Approach, Concepts and Cases. David, F. and David, F.R., 2016. Strategic Management: A Competitive Advantage Approach, Concepts and Cases. De Waal, G.A., 2015. An Extended Conceptual Framework for Product-Market Innovation. International Journal of Innovation Management, p.1640008. Hitt, M.A., Ireland, R.D. and Hoskisson, R.E., 2012. Strategic management cases: competitiveness and globalization. Cengage Learning. Jakhar, S.K., 2015. Performance evaluation and a flow allocation decision model for a sustainable supply chain of an apparel industry. Journal of Cleaner Production, 87, pp.391-413. Johnson, G., Whittington, R., Scholes, K., Angwin, D. and Regnr, P., 2013. Exploring Strategy Text Cases. Pearson Higher Ed. Lages, L.F., 2016. VCWValue Creation Wheel: Innovation, technology, business, and society. Journal of Business Research. Lee, K.L., Hassan, M.G. and Mohamed Udin, Z., 2016. The contribution of supply chain technology in Malaysian textile and apparel industry. Journal of Advanced Management Science. Mellahi, K. and Frynas, G., 2015. Global strategic management. Oxford University Press. Morden, T., 2016. Principles of strategic management. Routledge. Padini Holdings Bhd., 2016 [online] Available at: https://corporate.padini.com [Accessed 9 Jul. 2016]. Percy, L. and Rosenbaum-Elliott, R., 2016. Strategic advertising management. Oxford University Press. Rosenbaum-Elliott, R., Percy, L., Elliott, R.H. and Pervan, S., 2015. Strategic brand management. Oxford University Press, USA. Sahu, M.K., 2015. Strategic Management in Academic Libraries with Reference to Users Perspective. International Journal of Advanced Library and Information Science, 3(1), pp.pp-192. San Lim, Y., Heng, P.C., Ng, T.H. and Cheah, C.S., 2016. Customers' online website satisfaction in online apparel purchase: A study of Generation Y in Malaysia. Asia Pacific Management Review, 21(2), pp.74-78. Slack, N., 2015. Operations strategy. John Wiley Sons, Ltd. Vignali, C., 2015. Sustainable Management; Model Building for Decision Making. CULTUR-Revista de Cultura e Turismo, 6(3), pp.11-18. Ward, J. and Peppard, J., 2016. The Strategic Management of Information Systems: Building a Digital Strategy. John Wiley Sons.

States by Edward Said Essay Example

States by Edward Said Paper Taylor Stephan Section 2 Exam â€Å"States† 1. Edward Said emphasizes the scattered, alienated nature of the Palestinian people. In my opinion, Said clearly displays that it is unfair to ask â€Å"What is it you Palestinians want? †. Palestine, once recognized as a country and a community, is now shattered into a plethora of pieces. These pieces, or people each with memories and experiences, were sprinkled all across the world. It would seem impossible to share national pride when one’s country does not technically exist. Palestinians do not have a unified home where they can share their sense of culture and their similar beliefs. Many Palestinians â€Å"speak of awdah (return)† (650). They want to restore their country, and glue together the broken pieces. Even if Palestine could be restored as a country, would it ever be the same? One cannot erase history. The Palestinians can never truly regain what they want, which is their identity and ethnocentricity. Questions can easily be misinterpreted. Misunderstandings due to poor communication have appeared throughout history. For example, in the 1940’s, America threatened Japan with an embargo, unless they cut relations with Japan. The Japanese mistakenly took this as a threat to their national security. The confusion caused the attack on Pearl Harbor, which is an extremely important event in American history. Japan and the United States were opposing forces, but trade held together the peace. This misunderstanding caused more hostility between the two groups. 2. Said explains that the photograph ignites negative, yet positive feelings about the condition of the Palestinian people. Said shows that this picture reflects symbols of vulnerability and disarray throughout the Palestinians. We will write a custom essay sample on States by Edward Said specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on States by Edward Said specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on States by Edward Said specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer This shabby house, near Senjel, is covered with weeds. It appears to be out of place under the coverage of the trees. Said is very passionate for his own people. He has a great deal of emotional discomfort seeing a photographic display of the dislocation of his own people. I do not know what it feels like to lose my identity and be viewed through a skeptic’s eyes. Although this picture does not appear to incite certain emotions and feelings in myself, it is plausible for Said connect his feelings. Said understands the meaning of displacement with regards to his people’s history. Extra Credit: I can still remember the tragedy of September 11th. I was in second grade. All of the students were immediately sent home or picked up by their parents. I did not understand the images on the news. It almost seemed like a surreal action film. My aunt was on a flight to New York City that day, but luckily she arrived safe. I respect the people and rescue crew involved during September 11th. I think they displayed a deep sense of care for fellow Americans. I hope that the directly affected families have some sense of peace all of these years later. States by Edward Said Essay Example States by Edward Said Paper Taylor Stephan Section 2 Exam â€Å"States† 1. Edward Said emphasizes the scattered, alienated nature of the Palestinian people. In my opinion, Said clearly displays that it is unfair to ask â€Å"What is it you Palestinians want? †. Palestine, once recognized as a country and a community, is now shattered into a plethora of pieces. These pieces, or people each with memories and experiences, were sprinkled all across the world. It would seem impossible to share national pride when one’s country does not technically exist. Palestinians do not have a unified home where they can share their sense of culture and their similar beliefs. Many Palestinians â€Å"speak of awdah (return)† (650). They want to restore their country, and glue together the broken pieces. Even if Palestine could be restored as a country, would it ever be the same? One cannot erase history. The Palestinians can never truly regain what they want, which is their identity and ethnocentricity. Questions can easily be misinterpreted. Misunderstandings due to poor communication have appeared throughout history. For example, in the 1940’s, America threatened Japan with an embargo, unless they cut relations with Japan. The Japanese mistakenly took this as a threat to their national security. The confusion caused the attack on Pearl Harbor, which is an extremely important event in American history. Japan and the United States were opposing forces, but trade held together the peace. This misunderstanding caused more hostility between the two groups. 2. Said explains that the photograph ignites negative, yet positive feelings about the condition of the Palestinian people. Said shows that this picture reflects symbols of vulnerability and disarray throughout the Palestinians. We will write a custom essay sample on States by Edward Said specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on States by Edward Said specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on States by Edward Said specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer This shabby house, near Senjel, is covered with weeds. It appears to be out of place under the coverage of the trees. Said is very passionate for his own people. He has a great deal of emotional discomfort seeing a photographic display of the dislocation of his own people. I do not know what it feels like to lose my identity and be viewed through a skeptic’s eyes. Although this picture does not appear to incite certain emotions and feelings in myself, it is plausible for Said connect his feelings. Said understands the meaning of displacement with regards to his people’s history. Extra Credit: I can still remember the tragedy of September 11th. I was in second grade. All of the students were immediately sent home or picked up by their parents. I did not understand the images on the news. It almost seemed like a surreal action film. My aunt was on a flight to New York City that day, but luckily she arrived safe. I respect the people and rescue crew involved during September 11th. I think they displayed a deep sense of care for fellow Americans. I hope that the directly affected families have some sense of peace all of these years later.

The Use of Dreams in Literature free essay sample

This paper compares the use of dreams in six works by six different authors. This paper presents a detailed discussion on several works of literature and the use of the theme of dreams in them. The six works compared, contrasted and analyzed in this paper are: John Keats, Ode to a Nightingale; Langston Hughes, A Dream Deferred; Samuel Taylor Coleridges, Kubla Khan; Thomas Findleys Pilgrims; Bierce Ambroses An Occurrence At Owl Creek Bridge; and Samuel Taylor Coleridges Kubla Khan or, a Vision In a Dream: A Fragment. The writer discusses how each author uses the theme of dreams in their particular piece and then draws comparisons between the other authors works. The paper examines the proper use of dreams in any literary work. Using passages from each of these works, the paper shows how dream themes are used most successfully when dealing with death as a tool to explain the situation leading up to and immediately following the occurrence. We will write a custom essay sample on The Use of Dreams in Literature or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The use of dreams often fills in many unanswered questions that may be plaguing the reader as they read a story or poem. Throughout literary history there have been themes used to underscore a point to the reader. Often times the same theme can mean different things to different authors, and it is played out in different scenarios in their works. The theme of dreams has been a popular theme for literature in the past, especially in short stories and poems. There are six separate works by six different authors, which have used the dream theme to carry out various tasks. Sometimes it is used to allow after death thoughts, other times it is about goals and future desires, but any time a dream theme is used in these six works the author drives home the point of heart filled emotion leading the story.

Sample Apush DBQ Essay - How to Write a Good College Essay With This Form

Sample Apush DBQ Essay - How to Write a Good College Essay With This FormAs your college essay continues to be the 'pleasurable hardship' of college, it is important that you include a sample Apush DBQ essay in your college essay library. The inclusion of the Apush DBQ essay is important because the Apush DBQ essay format is a user-friendly one that will help you create an original style of paper that will impress college admissions officers and college professors.With the help of the Apush DBQ format, you can add structure to your college essay without feeling intimidated by the structure of a traditional college essay. One of the main reasons for the success of the Apush DBQ essay format in college writing is that the process of putting together a college essay is simple to understand. The simplicity of the format means that college students can start writing their college essay without any stress on grammar and punctuation.The first step in writing a sample Apush DBQ essay is to p lan out the college essay as a series of smaller paragraphs. Then, as you continue to compose each paragraph, create a beginning, middle, and end. Each paragraph should make it clear to the reader what the author is attempting to say. Your writing should show strong grammar and should allow the reader to find the exact point of the sentence.After completing each paragraph, list down the topics of the paragraphs that you have written in order of importance. List down each topic in this order, with the first paragraph being the most important, followed by the middle and ending paragraphs.In addition to being a standard format for most common college admissions essays, the Apush DBQ format is also the format that most colleges use. This is one of the reasons that the format is such a great way to make a good impression to college admissions officers and college professors.College admissions officers and college professors want their applicants to be able to communicate clearly in writi ng. In order to do this, they look for applicants who can write effectively, clearly, and succinctly. Using the Apush DBQ format will help you make a great first impression with college admissions officers and college professors, thus helping you meet their requirements for admission.Using the Apush DBQ format will enable you to create a better essay, and an essay that will impress college admissions officers and college professors. If you want to create a great first impression, you need to make sure that you learn the technique of writing a sample Apush DBQ essay.

How Income Taxes Affect Economic Growth

How Income Taxes Affect Economic Growth One of the most commonly discussed issues in economics is how tax rates relate to economic growth. Advocates of tax cuts claim that a reduction in the tax rate will lead to increased economic growth and prosperity. Others claim that if we reduce taxes, almost all of the benefits will go to the rich, as those are the ones who pay the most taxes. What does economic theory suggest about the relationship between economic growth and taxation? Income Taxes and Extreme Cases In studying economic policies, it is always useful to study extreme cases. Extreme cases are situations such as What if we had a 100% income tax rate?, or What if we raised the minimum wage to $50.00 an hour?. While wholly unrealistic, they do give very stark examples of what direction key economic variables will move when we change a government policy. First, suppose that we lived in a society without taxation. Well worry about how the government finances its programs later on, but for now, well assume that they have enough money to finance all the programs we have today. If there are no taxes, then the government does not earn any income from taxation and citizens do not spend any time worrying about how to evade taxes. If someone has a wage of $10.00 an hour, then they get to keep that $10.00. If such a society were possible, we can see that people would be quite productive as any income they earn, they keep. Now consider the opposing case. Taxes are now set to be 100% of income. Any cent you earn goes to the government. It may seem that the government would earn a lot of money this way, but thats not likely to happen. If you dont get to keep anything out of what you earn, why would you go to work? Most people would rather spend their time doing something they enjoy. Simply, put, you wouldnt spend any time working for a company if you didnt get anything out of it. Society as a whole wouldnt be very productive if everybody spent a large portion of their time trying to evade taxes. The government would earn very little income from taxation, as very few people would go to work if they did not earn an income from it. While these are extreme cases, they do illustrate the effect of taxes and they are useful guides of what happens at other tax rates. A 99% tax rate is awfully like a 100% tax rate, and if you ignore collection costs, having a 2% tax rate is not much different from having no taxes at all. Go back to the person earning $10.00 an hour. Do you think hell spend more time at work or less if his take-home pay is $8.00 rather than $2.00? Its a pretty safe bet that at $2.00 hes going to spend less time at work and much more time trying to earn a living away from the prying eyes of the government. Taxes and Other Ways of Financing Government In the case where the government can finance spending outside of taxation, we see the following: Productivity declines as the tax rate increases, as people choose to work less. The higher the tax rate, the more time people spend evading taxes and the less time they spend on the more productive activity. So the lower the tax rate, the higher the value of all the goods and services produced.Government tax revenue does not necessarily increase as the tax rate increases. The government will earn more tax income at 1% rate than at 0%, but they will not earn more at 100% than they will at 10%, due to the disincentives high tax rates cause. Thus there is a peak tax rate where government revenue is highest. The relationship between income tax rates and government revenue can be graphed on something called a Laffer Curve. Of course, government programs are not self-financing. Well examine the effect of government spending in the next section. Even an ardent supporter of unrestricted capitalism realizes that there are necessary functions for the government to perform.  The Capitalism Site  lists three necessary things a government must provide: An Army: To protect against foreign invaders.A Police Force: To protect against domestic criminals.A Court System: To settle honest disputes that arise, and to punish criminals according to objectively predefined laws. Government Spending and the Economy Without the last two functions of government, it is easy to see that there would be little economic activity. Without a police force, it would be difficult to protect anything that youve earned. If people could just come by and take anything you owned, wed see three things happen: People would spend a lot more time trying to steal what they need and a lot less time trying to produce what they need, as stealing something is often easier than producing it yourself. This leads to a reduction in economic growth.People who have produced valuable goods would spend more time and money trying to protect what theyve earned. This is not a productive activity; society would be much better off if citizens would spend more time producing  productive goods.There would likely be a lot more murders, so the society would lose a lot of productive people prematurely. This cost and the costs people incur in trying to prevent their own murder greatly diminish economic activity. A police force which protects the basic human rights of citizens is absolutely necessary to ensure economic growth. A court system also promotes economic growth. A large portion of economic activity depends on the use of contracts. When you start a new job, normally you have a contract specifying what your rights and responsibilities are and how much you will be compensated for your labor. If theres no way to enforce a contract like that, then there is no way to ensure that you will end up getting compensated for your labor. Without that guarantee, many would decide it is not worth the risk to work for someone else. Most contracts involve an element of do X now, and get paid Y later or get paid Y now, do X later. If these contracts are not enforceable, the party who is obligated to do something in the future might decide then that he doesnt feel like it. Since both parties know this, they would decide not to enter into such an agreement and the economy as a whole would suffer. Having a working court system, military, and police force provides a large economic benefit to a society. However it is expensive for a government to provide such services, so theyll have to collect money from the citizens of the country to finance such programs. The financing for those systems comes through taxation. So we see that a society with some taxation that provides these services will have a much higher level of economic growth than a society with no taxation but no police force or the court system. So an increase in taxes  can  lead to larger economic growth if it is used to pay for one of these services. I use the term  can  because it is not necessarily the case that expanding the police force or hiring more judges will lead to greater economic activity. An area which already has many police officers and little crime will gain almost no benefit from hiring another officer. Society would be better off not hiring her and instead of lowering taxes. If your armed for ces are already large enough to deter any potential invaders, then any additional military spending drags down economic growth. Spending money on these three areas is  not necessarily  productive, but having at least a minimal amount of all three will lead to an economy with higher economic growth than none at all. In most Western democracies the majority of government spending goes towards social programs. While there are literally thousands of government-funded social programs the two largest are generally health care and education. These two do not fall into the category of infrastructure. While it is true that schools and hospitals must be built, it is possible for the private sector to profitably do so. Schools and healthcare facilities have been built by non-government groups all over the world, even in countries that already have extensive government programs in this area. Since it is possible to cheaply collect funds from those who use the facility and to ensure those who do use the facilities cannot easily evade paying for those services, these do not fall into the category of infrastructure. Can these programs still provide a net economic benefit? Being in good health will improve your productivity. A healthy workforce is a productive workforce, so spending on health care is a boon to the economy. However, there is no reason the private sector cannot adequately provide health care or why people will not invest in their own health. Its tough to earn an income when youre too sick to go to work, so individuals will be willing to pay for health insurance that will help them get better if they are ill. Since people would be willing to buy health coverage and the private sector can provide it, there is no market failure here. To purchase such health insurance you must be able to afford it. We could get into a situation where society would be better off if the poor got proper medical treatment, but they do not because they cannot afford it. Then there would be a benefit to giving  health care  coverage to the poor. But we can get the same benefit by simply giving the poor cash and letting them spend it on whatever they want, including health care. However, it could be that people, even when they have enough money, will buy an inadequate amount of health care. Many conservatives argue that this is the basis of many social programs; government officials do not believe that citizens buy enough of the right things, so government programs are necessary to ensure people get what they need but wont buy.   The same situation occurs with educational expenditures. People with more education tend to be on average more productive than people with less education. Society is better off by having a highly educated population. Since people with higher productivity tend to get paid more, if parents care about the future welfare of their children, they will have an incentive to seek an education for their children. There are no technical reasons why private sector companies cannot provide educational services, so those who can afford it will get an adequate amount of education. As before, there will be low-income families who cannot afford a proper education although they (and society as a whole) are better off by having well-educated children. It would seem that having programs which focus their energies on poorer families will have a greater economic benefit than those which are universal in nature. There seems to be a benefit to the economy (and society) by providing an education to a family with limited opportunities. There is little point in providing an education or health insurance to a wealthy family, as they will likely buy as much as they need. On the whole, if you believe that those who can afford it will buy an efficient amount of health care and education,  social programs  tend to be a deterrent to economic growth. Programs which focus on agents who are unable to afford these items have a greater benefit to the economy than those that are universal in nature. We saw in the previous section that higher taxes can lead to higher economic growth  if  those taxes are efficiently spent on three areas which protect the rights of citizens. A military and a police force ensure that people do not have to spend a great deal of time and money on personal security, allowing them to engage in more productive activities. A court system allows individuals and organizations to enter into contracts with one another which create opportunities for growth through collaboration motivated by rational  self-interest. Roads and Highways Cannot  Be Paid by Individuals There are other government programs, which bring a net benefit to the economy when fully paid for by taxes. There are certain goods that society finds desirable but individuals or corporations cannot supply. Consider the problem of roads and highways. Having an extensive system of roads on which people and goods can freely travel greatly adds to the prosperity of a nation. If a private citizen wanted to build a road for profit, they would run into two major difficulties: The cost of collection.  If the road was a useful one, people would gladly pay for its benefits. In order to collect fees for the use of the road, a toll would have to be set up at every exit and entry to the road; many  interstate highways  work this way. However, for most local roads the amount of money obtained through these tolls would be dwarfed by the extreme costs of setting up these tolls. Because of the collection problem, a lot of useful infrastructures would not be built, although there is a net benefit to its existence.Monitoring who uses the road.  Suppose you were able to set up a system of tolls at all the entrances and exits. It may still be possible for people to enter or leave the road at points other than the official exit and entrance. If people can evade paying the toll, they will. Governments provide a solution to this problem by constructing the roads and recouping the expenses through taxes such as the income tax and the gasoline tax. Other pieces of infrastructure such as the sewage and water system work on the same principle. The idea of government activity in these areas is not new; it goes at least as far back as  Adam Smith. In his 1776 masterpiece,  The Wealth of Nations  Smith wrote: The third and last duty of the sovereign or commonwealth is that of erecting and maintaining those public institutions and those public works, which, though they may be in the highest degree advantageous to a great society, are, however, of such a nature that the profit could never repay the expense to any individual or small number of individuals, and which it, therefore, cannot be expected that any individual or small number of individuals should erect or maintain. Higher taxes which lead to improvements in infrastructure  can  lead to higher economic growth. Once again, it depends on the usefulness of the infrastructure being created. A six-lane highway between two small towns in upstate New York is not likely to be worth the tax dollars spent on it. An improvement to the safety of the water supply in an impoverished area might be worth its weight in gold if it leads to reduced illness and suffering for the users of the system. Higher Taxes Are Used to Finance Social Programs A tax cut does not necessarily help or hurt an economy. You  must  consider what the revenue from those taxes is being spent on before you can determine the effect the cut will have on the economy. From this discussion, though, we see the following general trends: Cutting taxes and wasteful spending will help an economy because of the disincentive effect caused by taxation. Cutting taxes and useful programs may or may not benefit the economy.A certain amount of government spending is required in the military, the police, and the court system. A country which does not spend an adequate amount of money in these areas will have a depressed economy. Too much spending in these areas is wasteful.A country also needs infrastructure  to have a high level of economic activity. Much of this infrastructure cannot be adequately provided by the private sector, so governments must spend money in this area to ensure economic growth. However, too much spending or spending on the wrong infrastructure can be wasteful and slow  economic growth.If people are naturally inclined to spend their own money on education and healthcare, then taxation used for social programs is likely to  slow economic growth. Social spending which targets low-income families is m uch better for the economy than universal programs. If people are not inclined to spend towards their own education and healthcare, then there can be a benefit to supplying these goods, as society as a whole benefit from a healthy and educated workforce. The government ending all social programs is not a solution to these issues. There can be many benefits to these programs which are not measured in economic growth. A slowdown in economic growth is likely to occur as these programs are expanded, however, so that should always be kept in mind. If the program has enough other benefits, society as a whole may wish to have lower economic growth in return for more social programs. Source:   The Capitalism Site - FAQ - Government

WOW essays

WOW essays Everyones ultimate goal is survival. Nobody wants to surrender their life before they naturally should. Hobbes says that being thrown out of society will cause an early death. Outside of society there is a condition of war wherein every man to every man is an enemy and in this state, no man can ever hope to defend himself without some help. (Hobbes, p. 91) But in the state of nature he will find none, because he which declareth he thinks it is reason to deceive those that help him, can in reason expect no other means of safety than what can be had from his own single power. (Hobbes, p. 91) Everyone outside of society has proved that they cannot be trusted. This will result in the competitive, dishonest, self-serving state that people wanted to be free from. Life will be short and harsh. Although the fool thinks that they will better off killing somebody who they really dislike, it will only lead to his untimely demise. ...

Marketing and Product Life Cycle Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Marketing and Product Life Cycle - Essay Example In addition, these will also aid the company in informing customers on the usage of the new product. During the launching, in-store promotions will also be used in order to allow the customers to experience and be educated of Key Ring. Questions will be entertained and freebies will also be given to participants. During the growth stage, it is expected that the product will already be popular in the market but competitors are trying to catch up by making their own campaigns. Procter and Gamble will counter this by giving higher discounts to the company's products. Bundling and in-store promotions will still be utilized. Noting the strong brand equity of Procter and Gamble, it is expected that buyers will still gravitate to its products and will be seeking more ways to get discounts. Sales is expected to taper off during maturity when demand slowly stabilizes. Procter and Gamble can stimulate the use of Key Ring by including its new product lines in the discount coupons. Since the company is very much aggressive in introducing new product variants, it is very much advisable to entice customers in buying these products by allowing them to purchase at a discount.